Stowt—Vegetation of a Typical Wild Hay Meadow. 421 
tutes ten per cent by count and thirteen per cent by weight. 
In height it is about two and one half feet with rather few 
culms producing flowers. Carex sterilis is abundant but at its 
best development is seldom over eight inches in height and is a 
small low growing plant compared with the majority of the 
species present. Besides Calamagrotis canadensis the other 
grasses present are principally well developed plants of Poa 
pratensis, Agrostis alba, and Glyceria nervata. Together they 
constitute nineteen per cent by count and nine per cent by 
weight. These with Carex Belbbii and Carex diandra ramosa 
are present in sufficient numbers to be dominants in certain 
limited spots. Nearly all the other species given in column 
one of table 2 are subordinate species, few in numbers and 
much scattered. 
This association is characterized by the development of the 
grasses above named and by the presence of a rather large num¬ 
ber of dicots which, although constituting about one third of all 
the species present, amount to only about six per cent of the 
plant population. Of the dicots, Lycopus uniflorus is by far 
the most abundant, with Carex stricta heading the monocots. 
Bor convenience this association may therefore be called a Ly¬ 
copus Caricetum. 
Caricetum: The strip extending from the five-hundred-foot 
station to the seven-hundred-fifty-foot station on the transect 
shows a typical development of Carex stricta . This species is 
present on three hundred seventy-three of the three hundred 
seventy-five successive squares counted. It is of robust growth 
reaching on a level to the height of from twenty to twenty-eight 
inches and in several places showed very characteristically its 
stooling habit that gives it the name of tussock sedge. This 
stooling is quite characteristic of this sedge when it develops un¬ 
hindered by secondary species and especially when the habitat 
is rather wet as in the case of development in or around ponds. 
They appear as clumps of closely packed culms at the base of 
which masses of underground branches and dead culms build up 
a rounded hummock of from six inches to three feet in diame¬ 
ter and often a foot or miore in height. This species here con- 
