Stout—Vegetation of a Typical Wild Hay Meadow. 423 
species. The plots of Plate XIX show that wherever Carex 
aquatilis and Carex filiformis develop there is absence of Carex 
stricta and Calamagrostis canadensis. The vegetation of this 
portion of the marsh is practically wholly of Carices and Cala¬ 
magrostis and the association can he designated therefore, as a 
Calamagrostis Caricetum. 
The water course shown to the left in the photograph (See 
Plate 20, Fig. 1) is about ten feet in width and but a few inches 
in depth. It cuts the transect at fourteen hundred fifty to fif¬ 
teen hundred feet. Along and in this shallow water course 
there is a narrow strip in which Scripus validus and Typha lati- 
folia are dominants. The species at this point are included in 
the list of those for the sedge and Calamagrostis association. 
Lycopies Caricetum: A short distance to the north of this 
stream the transect crosses the canal shown in the photographs 
and immeiately north of this there is a very complex association 
extending about seven hundred and fifty feet between the sta¬ 
tions at fifteen hundred feet and at twenty-two hundred and 
fifty feet on the transect. Sixty species are present and these 
are much intermingled. Carex stricta is a dominant over much 
of the area with a percentage of forty by count and fifty-two by 
weight. Carex sterilis becomes abundant but as in the border 
association it is too weak in habit to be ranked as dominant. 
Calamagrostis canadensis is well developed only in a few limited 
areas and shows a percentage of thirteen by number and seven¬ 
teen by weight. 
It is in this association that nearly all the species of Com- 
positae are found, as well as the maximum development of 
Aspidium Thelypteris , Lycopus americanus, Parnassia caro- 
liniana and other of the species listed for this association in 
table 2. 
The habitat is a low ridge, elevated at its center about two 
and one-half feet above the lower portions of the marsh. Here 
the humus and peat is underlaid by sand. Evidently this was 
a sand bar or spit in the old lake bay and was probably the first 
to be occupied by the land plants. At the time of taking soil 
borings the water level lay below the surface of the sand which 
