Stout—Vegetation of a Typical Wild Hay Meadow. 433 
per cent of the total weight and the total weight of the her¬ 
baceous dicots is somewhat less. 
The sedges characteristic of the wet portions are coarse and 
rough with the exception of Carex Sartwellii which makes a 
hay of tine texture. 
The total weight percentage of the grasses is nearly equal for 
the Lycopus Caricetum and the Calamagrostis Caricetum with 
the yield decidedly in favor of the latter. What the nutrition 
value of the sedges in question may he should certainly he 
settled by analyses and experiments. 
The mixture of Calamagrostis canadensis with the sedges 
gives manifest disadvantages for the utilization of the mixed 
crop as hay because of the different seasonal development of 
the species. It is evident that when Calamagrostis canadensis 
is ready for cutting, and this is the time when the hay is usu¬ 
ally made, the sedges have passed maturity and are becoming 
dry. Few attempts have been made to improve marsh mead¬ 
ows of this type, but the high hay value and heavy yield of 
Calamagrostis canadensis suggests the feasibility of its use es¬ 
pecially for the wetter portions of such marsh meadows. 
Efforts to improve marsh hay lands have been begun in Wis¬ 
consin. The results have not as yet been published but they 
show that surface drainage accompanied by the tearing up and 
destroying the surface layer of moss, and the sowing of such 
grasses as Phleum pratensis, Poa triflora, Agrostis alba and 
Calamagrostis canadensis together with alsike give excellent re¬ 
turns. 
Geographical Range op the Species 
In considering the continental range of the species the plan 
of MacMillan (9a) is followed. The 95th meridian is taken 
as the line between the eastern and the western half of the con¬ 
tinent and the 45th parallel FT. latitude as the line dividing 
the northern from the southern region. The distribution of a 
species with reference to these lines determines the range. In 
most cases the range of species here given is taken from Mac¬ 
Millan (1892). The following is a tabulation of the continental 
