454 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
conditions. Here, as has been stated above, the typical marsh 
meadows develop in glaciated areas underlaid by limestone and 
the soil of the marsh meadows is very slightly if at all acid. In 
other respects our marsh meadow agrees with Warming’s low 
moor. 
Evidently there are meadow moors of somewhat similar vege¬ 
tation developing under both acid and neutral conditions. The 
latter is the type here under consideration. It differs sharply 
in this respect from Warming’s low moor for which he assumes 
that the abundance of humous acids determines the general 
xerophytic character of the vegetation. The vegetation of our 
type agrees with Warming’s characterization of the low moor. 
It differs in the presence of abundant Calamagrostis canadensis 
even in quite wet parts. 
It is probable that acidity is a factor of considerable im¬ 
portance. The conditions in the low areas of the extreme east¬ 
ern portion of Dane county and the western portion of Jeffer¬ 
son county, not over 35 miles east of the region here considered, 
indicate that where acidity prevails the vegetation conforms 
much more nearly to Warming’s oxylophytic series and leads 
up rapidly to forest conditions. It is also to be stated that in 
large swamp areas the soil is often neutral around the margin 
and strongly acid in central portions and under these conditions 
there is transition from marginal meadow-moor formations to 
■sphagnum and tamarack formations in the central portion. 
The data on the plant succession leading to the marsh meadow 
in question together with the general conditions that exist in 
the marsh areas near Madison also indicate that the conditions 
are not correctly represented in Warming’s oxylaphytic series. 
Here the succession has led through hvdrophytic formations and 
reed swamp formations to marsh meadows which in turn give 
way to meadows and low prairies or possibly to a bush swamp 
formation leading to low lying timbered areas. 
In the poorly drained areas of the state underlaid by sand¬ 
stones and granite the succession leads to typical bog forma¬ 
tions (the Heath Group of Chamberlain) and to tamarack and 
spruce forests. The latter are related to the forest belt. 
The marsh meadow here described seems to agree in its gen- 
