McLeod—The Walden Inversion—A Critical Review. 523 
VI. Prep, and properties of dilactic acid and analagous compounds. 
1. Prep, of dilactic diethyl ester by heating together alpha ehlor- 
proprionic ethyl ester and sod. salt of lactic ethyl ester for 24 
hrs. at 110°-120°. Yon Bruggen: Ann. 148, 224. 
2. Prep, of inactive dilactic diethyl ester hy a modification of Yon 
Brnggen’s experiment. E. Jungfleish & M. Godchot: Central- 
Matt [1907] II, 136. Comptes Rendus 144, 979-981. 
3. Prep, of opt. active dilactic diethyl ester hy mixing di brompro- 
pionic ethyl ester and sod. salt of d lactic ethyl ester in dry 
ether solution at ordinary temperature. Jungfleish & Godchot: 
Comptes Rendus 144, 979, May 1907. 
4. Prep, of dilactic acid by action of heat on anhyd. Ca. lactate at 
180°. Tanatar & Tshelebiew: Centralblatt 91, 117. J. Russ 
Phys. Ch. Ges. 22, 107. J. Russ. Phys. Ch. Ges. [1890] I 107- 
110, at 250°-270°. Wurtz & Friedel: Ann. de Ch. et de Phys. 
[3] 63, 114. 
5. Proposed method for prep, of dilactic acid by action of chlorlac- 
tic ester on potassium ethyl lactate. Wurtz & Friedel: Ann. 
de Ch. et de Phys. [3] 63, 114. 
6. Diglycollic acid and its homologues. Jungfleish & Godchot: 
Comptes Rendus 145, 70. 
7= New homologues of diglycollic acid. Jungfleish & Godchot: 
Comptes Rendus 146, 26-29. 
8. Cond. of pyruvic acid by heating with aqueous barium hydroxide. 
Bottinger: Ann. 208, 129. 
VII. Chlorsnccinic, malic, fumarie, 'brom-'butyric, etc. 
1. Ethereal malates. Purdie & Williamson: Trans. L. Ch. Soc. 
[1896] p. 818-839. 
2 . Action of alkyliodides on silver salt of lactic acid. Trans. L. Ch. 
Soc. [1898] p. 296. 
3. Action of alkyl iodides on silver malate and on silver lactate. 
Purdie & Lander: Trans. 1898, 287-301. 
4. Action of silver salts on fumaryl chloride in non-aqueous sol¬ 
vents. Perkin: J. L. Ch. Soc. [1881], Vol. I, p. 554, 562. J. L. 
Ch. Soc. [1882] p. 268. 
5. Opt. behavior of malic acid. Ch. Winther: Centrablatt [1906] 
II, p. 22. 
6. Discussion of isomerism between maleic and fumarie acids. 
Perkin: J. Ch. Soc. (1881) Yol. I, p. 444-445. 
7. Behavior of fumarie and maleic acid towards fuming hydro- 
bromic acid. Fittig & Dorn: Ann. 188, 87. 
8. Conv. of fumarie acid into malic by means of aqueous sodium 
hydroxide at 100°. Loydl & Linnemann: Ann. 192, 80. 
