McAllister—Cytology and Embryology . 
605 
maining eleven. Of the five large ones three are very long and 
the other two decidedly shorter. The eleven smaller ones show 
differences in size though this is not conspicuous enough to in¬ 
sure accurate counting. He agrees with Montgomery and Sut¬ 
ton that in synapsis a union of the homologous parental chromo¬ 
somes in pairs takes place. 
Strasburger again in 1900 (96) calls attention to the marked 
differences in the sizes of the chromosomes in the pollen mother 
cells of Funkia Sieboldiana. Strasburger (97) and Miyake 
(55) also refer to this disparity in size of the chromosomes of 
Funkia, and further call attention to differences in the chromo¬ 
some sizes in Galtonia candicans. Attention is called to the 
fact that in advanced prophases of the somatic nuclei of Funkia 
and Graltonia, chromosomes of similar size could frequently be 
seen lying close together. These are regarded as homologous 
parental chromosomes, and the double chromosomes of hetero¬ 
typic diakinesis and metaphases are conceived to arise from the 
approximation of the members of the pairs when in the lepto- 
nema stage. 
Funkia has twelve large chromosomes and about thirty-six 
very small ones. The reduced number as counted in the heter¬ 
otypic equatorial plate is given as six large and eighteen small 
chromosomes. In Galtonia there are twelve large and four 
small chromosomes in the somatic nuclei. In the equatorial 
plate of the first reduction division six large and two small 
chromosomes are present according to Miyake. Strasburger 
(98) believes that the presence of these pairs of chromosomes 
at the time of the reduction divisions forces one to. the conclusion 
that one chromosome of each pair is of paternal and the other of 
maternal origin. 
Miss Svkes (102) has confirmed the observations of Stras¬ 
burger and Miyake on Funkia ovata and Funkia Sieboldiana 
as to the number of somatic and reduced chromosomes as well 
as to the pairing of the chromosomes in somatic nuclei. 
Muller (68), studying the nuclei of root tip cells of Yucca in 
Strasburger’s laboratory, finds ten large and 44 to 46 small 
chromosomes. In metaphase, chromosomes of like size are fig- 
