692 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
shepherd life was most closely associated. . Vergil in his tenth 
Eclogue imitates this poem and includes another element of the 
Will, the direction for burial. In a document of the fifth cen¬ 
tury we have a farewell that Eutilius Humantius addressed 
to Eome on the occasion of his journey to Gaul. 1 The Conge 
of Adam de la Halle addressed to the city of Arras, and simi¬ 
lar Conges by Baude Fastoul and Jehan Bodel belong also to 
this type. 2 We are not, then, to think of the Adieu as an off¬ 
spring of the Last Will and Testament but as an independent 
form that influenced and often coalesced with both the Will and 
the Testament. 3 
§4 Farewells addressed to one’s friends and relatives could 
easily lead to the giving of moral instruction. The impulse to 
give advice with regard to the conduct of life, at all times strong 
in the human heart, is all the more powerful when one is about 
to leave those in whose future welfare one is especially inter¬ 
ested. 4 Moreover it is felt as rather the privilege of one who 
has seen the world and is at last taking leave of it to pass on the 
results of his experience to those who shall come after him. It 
is not unusual, then, to find a clause of moral advice included in 
the Last Will and Testament. 5 
In the Testament as literature much has been made of the 
moral element The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs is 
replete with it. 6 Hot a single one of the twelve omits his warn- 
1 In De Reditu suo Itinerarium (N. E. Lemaire, Poetae Latini 
minores, 1824). IV, 82-205. 
2 Barbazan, Fabliaux et Contes , Paris, 1808. I, 106-135. 
s For examples of the Testament containing the Adieu see pages 
471 ff. 
4 Cf. Genesis xlix and 1. Chronicles xxviii, 8. 
s So common is the practice of giving moral advice in the Will that 
I shall quote here but one example. The will of Jacques Cujas of Tou¬ 
louse (1590) contains the following clause: “Passez cette vie en paix, 
louans et craignans Dieu sans cesse; ne faites mal a nul. faites bien a. 
tous sans distinction de personne. Fuyez rAnti-Christ et les inventions 
et suppotes d’iceluy qui, sous de nom d’Eglise, gourmandent, brigandent, 
corrompent et persecutent la vraye Eglise, de laquelle la pierre fonda- 
mentale et Jesus-Christ seul, notre Sauveur et Seigneur Dieu, et suivez 
la sainte parole de point en point, sans y rien ajouter ny diminuer. 
Dieu soit avec vous et vous conduise aprez cette vie temporelle a l’eter- 
nelle par sa sainte grace, comme je le supplie au nom de Jesus son fils 
notre Sauveur bientot me faire jouir d’icelle, prenant garde k ses 
misericordes, et non a mes merites. Ainsi soit-il.”—Peignot, I, 260. 
® Cf. page 441. 
