42 
Florida state geological survey. 
low water level. If, at the same time, a strong wind is blowing to¬ 
ward the land the water rises much higher. When the tide recedes, a 
seaward current is formed which scours the bottom and sides of the 
channels. Frequently the water pours through some low gap in a 
shore bar, thus helping to form a passage. Many of the inlets across 
the Florida bars are formed in this way. To the erosive action de¬ 
scribed above, Mr. F. P. Gulliver 1 has given the name of “tidal scour,” 
and he thinks that the channels near Cedar Keys present an example 
of tidal runways produced by tidal scour, and he designates these run¬ 
ways as the “Western Florida Type.” At the mouth of the St. Johns 
River and elsewhere along the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts the 
army engineers have constructed dams to narrow the runway so that 
the effect of the tidal scour will keep open a channel deep enough to 
permit the entrance of large vessels. Examples of tidal scour along 
the keys and the southern part of the Florida peninsula will be dis¬ 
cussed by Mr. Sanford. 
Capes:—Many of the important capes of Florida appear to have 
been built of sand deposited by the currents moving along the shore. 
Cape Canaveral on the east coast was formed where the easterly trend 
of the coast caused the southward moving current to move outward 
from the coast into the deeper water which checked its velocity and 
caused- it to deposit some of its load of sand. From the outward end 
of the cape there projects a long, narrow spit of sand which rises 
nearly to the surface of the water. The seaward end of the spit is 
often bent into a hook by the action of the current. 
On the west coast the northward moving current encounters the 
islands near the west end of St. Vincent Sound, and turning westward 
forms Cape San Bias. Cape St. George at the western end of the 
island of the same name, and Southwest Cape, west of Apalachee 
Bay, appear to have been formed in a similar manner. All of these 
capes are gradually being extended seaward by the continual addition 
of more material transported along shore by the currents. In addition 
to the capes mentioned above, there are many minor projections usu¬ 
ally known as points, which originated in practically the same manner 
as the larger capes. In 1898 Dr. F. P. Gulliver 2 studied the origin 
of Capes Canaveral and San Bias and designated them “current cus¬ 
pate forelands.” 
Shoreline topography, Proc. Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, Vol, 24. 
2 Gulliver, F. P. Shoreline topography. Proc. Am. Acad, of Arts and 
Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 180-181. 
