SECOND ANNUAL REPORT—FUEEERS EARTH. 263 
this locality is Ta.vus florid ana or the Florida yew, also unknown else¬ 
where. 
Approaching the Ockloeknee River which forms the eastern bound¬ 
ary of the county one finds instead of hills a very gradual sandy slope. 
This area of gentle slope forms a strip of country bordering the Ock- 
locknee on the west side and extending through the county. 
Little River flows through the county from north to south some¬ 
what east of the middle line. This river and its larger tributaries have 
cut their valley to a depth of about 100 feet below the general level. 
The sides of the valleys are usually steep. The tributaries, however, 
although supplied by springs do not terminate in the characteristic 
“steepheads” or spring heads found along the Apalachicola River. 
GEOLOGY. 
The formations found in Gadsden County consist of sands and 
sandstones, clays, including fullers earth, limestones and marls, all of 
which are of sedimentary or sedimentary-organic, or of residual origin. 
The following summary will serve to indicate the relation of the ful¬ 
lers earth series to the overlying and to the underlying deposits. 
A surface accumulation of sand occurs extensively in Gadsden 
County. This sand is of a light to pale yellow color, and is of medium 
coarse texture. Its depth is variable. In general the sand deepens 
passing toward the southern line of the county. As seen in the cut 
at Nicholson and elsewhere this sand has a thickness of 0 to 9 feet and 
rests with a seeming unconformity upon the formation beneath. Sands 
of this character in the State have usually been regarded as of 
Pleistocene age and their presence is commonly cited as indicating 
a complete re-submergence of the peninsula during the Pleistocene 
period. As seen in Gadsden County, however, it seems not impossible 
that these sands are of residual origin. 
Beneath these superficial sands, or at the surface when the sands 
are absent, is found a series consisting of red sands and sandy clays. 
The subdivision and classification of this series is rendered difficult by 
the absence of fossils and by the variable character of the strata. Along 
the Apalachicola River and for some distance inland from that river 
the top member of this series is a very coarse cross-bedded sand or 
sand-pebble-conglomerate, varying in color from rich red to light red 
or gray. This material is often sufficiently indurated to form steep 
cliffs near the border of the plateau and near the heads of streams 
where erosion is rapid. This material in the Chattahoochee Landing 
section has a thickness of 28 feet. The sands as seen in this section 
are of a rich red color. It is faintly stratified and cross bedded. 
Siliceous pebbles., most of which are stained brown with iron, are 
