90 
MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
compared with the cranial; the whole outline is pyriform. The nasal capsule is still 
considerably exposed, the whole alinasal, half the aliseptal, and part of the alieth- 
moidal parts ( al.n ., cil.s.p., al.e.) still being visible. But the forked, ornithoid nasals 
(n .) have more than doubled their size, and outside them the premaxillaries and 
maxillaries {px., mx.) just show their upper edge. 
The nasals and frontals ( n.,f. ) now fairly meet in the middle, and the frontal suture is 
now of considerable extent; behind it the lessening fontanelle {fa.) is a four-rayed lozenge 
of membrane. The postorbital part of the frontal and the contiguous part of the 
parietal {p.) are too convex to allow the squamosal to be seen in this view, yet it is 
a large bone (see Plate 11, fig. 7, sq ). There is a fontanelle in the lambdoidal region, 
three-rayed, and half the size of the other ; the parietals then meet for about half their 
inner margin to make the sagittal suture. The hind skull lessens one-third to form 
the occipital cincture {s.o.) which is largely ossified in its upper part—more than half of 
the part exposed in this aspect; about a third in reality (Plate 12, fig. 2, s.o.). 
The side view (Plate 11, fig. 7) has gained a more normal form than that of the 
early stage (fig. 3), the greater development both of the deep and of the superficial 
parts has brought this about. 
The large, nearly inferior, circular nostril {e.n.) is seen covered by a crescentic roof 
{cd.n.) and the beginning of the roof and side of the great nasal tube {al.sp.) is seen in 
front of the oblique falcate facial plate of the premaxillary {px .) which is pedate in front, 
where it forms the aborted alveolar region. The nasal is seen over the olfactory capsule 
just reaching the frontal {f.) and the arched top of the facial plate of the maxillary 
{mx.), which thickens below to form the edge of the jaw, and sends backwards a free 
zygomatic process, the root of which is perforated by the 2nd branch of the 5th nerve 
(V 2 .). The top of the maxillary does not reach the frontal, but the nasal wall {al.e.) 
outside the upper turbinal {u.tb.) is exposed for some extent there, and in the antorbital 
region, showing there an unossified “pars plana” {m.tb.). There is no lacrymal bone, a 
rare character in a Mammal, as far as my experience goes. The well formed upper and 
orbital plates of the frontal {/.) give form to the upper half of the orbit, in which this 
bone forms roof and wall, the latter is a large rounded tract. The upper region of the 
frontal has a very large postorbital extension, and the large membranous tract seen 
there in the immature embryo (fig. 3), is here covered by the frontal and squamosal, 
the parietal in this type being kept well out of the temporal fossa. Thus in this side 
view the parietal {p.) looks scarcely larger than the squamosal {sq.) which reaches 
nearly as far backwards, and much further forwards, than the great upper plate.'" 
The squamosal is notched behind the orbit to give form to that space, and is 
scooped over the hinge for the mandible ; the rest of the bone is evenly convex ; it 
ends behind, like the parietal, in a rounded outline. Under the orbit the large 
* I fail to understand this modification, the opposite of what is seen in the Little Anteater (Plate 
10), which has a far more perfect lower jaw than the Pangolin. 
