94 
MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
Thus the swelling cochlea (clil.) has made itself a very accurate “nest” in the 
inferolateral region of the skull, and the posterior canal (p.s.c.) rising up from its 
junction with the anterior ( a.s.c .) pushes itself into the antero-internal face of the 
exoccipital (e.o.). The whole arch of the anterior canal is seen, and the fore part of 
the space under it is well scooped for the “ flocculus.” The great multiperforate 
“meatus internus” (VII., VIII.) is arched over by a convex tract of cartilage; below, 
the entrance is floored by the swelling cochlea. 
The whole capsule is large and normal, both as to the parts shown, and also, as to 
the degree of tilting it has undergone during growth. 
The hind part of the wall formed by the occipital arch, is as large as the large 
preauditory region, walled in by the parietal and squamosal. In this internal side view 
the supraoccipital bone (s.o.) looks less than it is, but the band of cartilage below it 
shows its full breadth. The middle third of the wall—nearer the bottom than the 
top—is formed by the exoccipital (e.o.) which is somewhat of an hour-glass shape. It 
is notched, below, for the large 12th nerve (XII.), and in front of and below it the 
common nick for the 9th and 10th nerve (IX., X.) is seen. The cartilage between 
the basioccipital and exoccipital (b.o., s.o.) is narrower than the tract above, but 
widens out behind, to lose itself in the large convex condyle ( oc.c.). 
Third Stage. — Newly-born Pangolin (Manis Temminckii), South Africa; 
head 21 inches long. 
This young Pangolin was born in captivity in its native country, and died the next 
day (see Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, pp. 632, 633). I am indebted to Dr. Sclater for 
this very valuable specimen. 
This type, like its neighbour the Aard-Vark ( Orycteropus , next to be described), 
becomes very large and well developed before birth, and the skull promises, even then, 
the strength it ultimately attains to. 
The lower view (Plate 12, fig. 6) shows the sutures and synchondroses very clearly, 
and the remarkable shape of this toothless skull. 
The alinasal region ( al.n .) in front of the premaxillaries (px.) is short, and but little 
seen in this aspect; the nostrils (e.n.) are now more lateral. The premaxillaries 
have recovered some strength and size, now ; them marginal and palatine parts are 
stronger; between these the notch for the opening of Jacobson’s organ is rounded. 
The maxillaries (mx.) soon expand into broad shoulders, laterally, after which the 
general convexity of the outline of the skull only lessens slightly, a little behind the 
junction of the maxillaries with the frontals (/.), and, again, behind the auditory 
capsules, where the occipital cincture retains its great similarity to the skeletal 
segments that follow it. The alveolar ridge is now a sharp balk between the general 
convexity of the upper face, and the general concavity of the hard palate, which is imper¬ 
fectly developed, but in a manner very different from what we see in Marsupials and 
