436 
DR. G. J. HINDE ON BEDS OF SPONGE-KEMAINS IN THE 
them, following in this respect the example of Mr. Carter and Prof. Sollas. 
Though these names may subsequently be displaced by the discovery of complete 
sponges, yet they are almost a necessity for purposes of reference. 
The figures in the accompanying plates have ail been drawn under the microscope 
by means of Beck’s camera lucicla, and their outlines may therefore be regarded as 
correct. It has not been practicable to figure all the forms on the same scale ; the 
majority of them are enlarged either 40 or 60 diameters, a few are shown on the scale 
of 80, and in one instance the spicule has been enlarged 560 times. To avoid repeti¬ 
tion, the titles of works in which similar detached spicules have been previously 
described, are given below under the names of the respective authors.* 
Order Monactmellidce ZITTEL. 
1. Reniera gracilis (Plate 41, figs. 1-16).—Cylindrical spicules, straight or slightly 
curved, smooth, evenly rounded at the ends. Average maximum length ‘4 mm., 
width '05 mm. 
L. G. S.,t Haslemere, Surrey. U. G. S.,J Blackdown, Devonshire. 
2. Reniera obtusa (Plate 41, figs. 2, 2a). —Smooth, slightly curved, cylindrical 
spicules, sometimes gradually tapering at one end. Length '33 mm. ; width '058 mm. 
U. G. S., Blackdown. 
3. Reniera cucumis (Plate 41, figs. 3, 36). —Slightly curved, smooth, either evenly 
cylindrical throughout, or slightly fusiform. Length '466 mm., width '066 mm. 
U. G. S., near Warminster, Wilts; Haldon, Devonshire; Merstham, Surrey. 
The cylindrical spicules above mentioned, though of similar form, are considerably 
* Carter, H. J.—“ On Fossil Spicules of the Greensand compared with those of existing Species.” 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. vii., pp. 112-141. 1871. 
Ddnikowski, E. V.—“Die Spongien, &c., der unterliassischen Schichten von Schafberg bei Salzburg." 
‘ Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften,’ Wien. Bd. xlv., pp. 163-194. 1882. 
Hinde, G. J.—-I. ‘Fossil Sponge-Spicules from the Upper Chalk.’ 1880. 
Hinde, G. J.—II. ‘Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the British Museum.’ 1883. 
Parfitt, E.—“Fossil Sponge-Spicules in the Greensand of Haldon and Blackdown.” ‘Transactions 
of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science.’ 1870. 
Pocta, P.—I. “ Ueber isolirte Kieselspongiennadeln aus der bohm. Kreide-Formation.” ‘ Sitzungs- 
berichte der k. bohm. Gesellschaft der Wiss.’ Prag, 1883, 
Pocta, P.—II. “ Ueber Spongiennadeln des Briisauer Hornsteines.” Id. 1884. 
Rutot, A.—“Note sur la Decouverte de deux Spongiaires de 1’Etage bruxellien.” ‘ Annales de la 
Societe Malacologique de Belgique,’ tom. ix., 1874. 
Sollas, W. J. — “ On the Flint-nodules of the Trimmingham Chalk.” Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 
vol. vi., p. 384. 1880. 
Weight, J.—“A List of the Cretaceous Microzoa of the North of Ireland.” Belfast Nat. Field 
Club. 1875. 
Zittel, R. A.—“Ueber Ccelophtychium.” ‘ Abhandl. der konig. bay. Akad. der Wiss.,’II. Cl., XII. 
Bd. 1876. 
t Lower greensand. 
X Upper greensand. 
