320 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences } Arts , and Letters. 
A representative of the god carries an effigy of a deer and is 
pursued by the young men. When the representative is caught, 
he throws down the effigy, amid great excitement. The one 
who catches the effigy exclaims: “I have killed the deer. 7 ’ 
He sprinkles it with meal, praying that he may be successful 
in the hunt. The catching of the effigy is indicative of suc¬ 
cess in the coming hunt, and great efforts are made to get 
ahead of one another in capturing the so-called “deer.” This 
and the rest of the attendant ceremony is to bring rains to 
fructify the earth. 1 This deer-effigy, and similar effigies, so 
common in Indian ceremonial, are very similar to those of 
Europe, which have been so fully described by hlannhardt. 
The Zuni bury little bunches of plumes, and deposit ashes and 
sweepings in the fields, with the firm assurance that the corn 
will increase. 2 To be sure, this is not a resurrection acted 
out dramatically, but this method of procedure is very com¬ 
mon among the American Indians. The spirit of the corn is 
in the effigy or puppet instead of a person, and the ceremony 
is modified accordingly. Another depository of the com 
spirit is in the sand and pollen paintings so common among 
the Indians of the Southwest. 3 These ritualistic paintings, which 
seem to be without a parallel in Europe, have been carried 
to a very high state of development. For these reasons the 
dramatic representation of the death and revival by means of 
a person, and the presentation of the mock combat, are both 
somewhat meagre among the Forth American Indians. But 
in the cases we have found, we have testimony that it is far 
from unknown in this kind of ceremony, and this suffices to 
establish a connection of common intention between these cere¬ 
monies and those of Europe. 
In concluding this division, it may be instructive to cite an 
instance from a people on the same cultural level, but widely 
1 Matilda Coxe Stevenson, “The Zuhi Indians,” 23rd Annual Re¬ 
port, Bureau of Ethnology (1904), pp. 1-634 (p. 260). 
2 Stevenson, 1. c., pp. 108-141, with excellent illustrations. 
s Stevenson, 1. c., pp. 108-141; and “The Sia,” 11th Annual Report of 
the Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 1-165. ‘Washington Matthews, “The 
Mountain Chant,” 5th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology 
(1887), pp. 385 ff. 
