338 Wisconsin Academy of SciencesArts , and Letters. 
declarations of the former proclamation. 1 In spite of this, 
the first organized raid on Oklahoma took place in April 1880. 
A party of about twenty-five men, led by Captain Payne and 
“Oklahoma Harry” (Harry L. Hill, a wealthy resident of 
Wichita), left Arkansas City April 13th and advanced into 
Oklahoma over what is known as the Hog’s Back trail. On 
April 22nd, they selected a town-site about forty miles east of 
Fort Reno and a mile and a half south of the Forth Fork of 
the Canadian river. 2 
Meanwhile the military officers in charge of the Missouri 
district had been instructed to remove the intruders, and if any 
returned, to turn them over to the United States marshal at 
Fort Smith. 3 In pursuance of this, the outfit led by Payne 
was corralled on May. 12th by Lieutenant Pardee and twelve 
soldiers, and Payne and thirteen of his followers were arrested. 
These were held until the third of June awaiting instructions 
and then conducted outside of the territory and warned not to 
return. 4 Hot at all deterred by this treatment, Payne was soon 
at work again, and on the fifteenth of July was again discov¬ 
ered in the Indian Territory and captured with twenty-two 
followers. This time they were held until August 7th, when 
Payne and the other old offenders were turned over to the 
United States marshal for the western district of Arkansas, 
and the others released. The prisoners were soon released on 
bail to appear at the Uovember term of court, and at the subse¬ 
quent May term a civil suit in the nature of an action for debt, 
the only action possible under the law, was brought against 
Pavne in the name of the United States to recover the statu¬ 
tory penalty of one thousand dollars for invasion of Indian res¬ 
ervations. Judgment was of course rendered against him, but 
nothing could be collected, as he was entirely impecunious. 5 
Even while awaiting trial Payne had not been quiet, and in 
December 1880 had assembled about two hundred men be- 
1 Sec. Int. Kept, 1880, vol. 1, p. 323. 
2 Ibid., pp. 96-97; Chautauquan, June 1889, p. 534. 
3 Sen. Ex. Doc., 50, 48 Cong., 2 Sess., pp. 3-4. 
4 Ibid., p. 4. 
s Sec. Int. Rept., 1881, vol. 2, p. 54. 
