Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae. 563 
is still well developed and ridged. The lacinia has increased 
in length, reaching nearly to the tip, and still shows the comb- 
like teeth. At its base the conjunctive is still distinctly 
visible. 
Maxillae (Fig. 20). In this species we find that the max¬ 
illae have begnn to show a variation. The hairy fringe of the 
galea has disappeared and is replaced by strong, curved, blunt, 
chitinized teeth, surmounted by a slight fringe of hairs. The 
lacinia is small and slender, and provided with a number of 
thin, curved teeth at the end instead of the hairs heretofore 
found. 
Labial structures (Fig. 21). The two lobes of the labium 
aie distinct, the galea being represented by a broad, flattened, 
slightly chitinized plate, and the lacinia having its distal end 
greatly differentiated into four peculiarly shaped proc¬ 
esses. The palpi are here three-jointed, each segment being 
smooth and similar to the others. At their junction, the inner 
lobes pass over directly into the hypopliarynx, which is only 
slightly developed and is recognizable by the fact that its 
median area is covered with short, conical protuberances. No 
sense-hairs were found, and the hypopliarynx has been so much 
reduced that it is no longer recognizable as such; it becomes 
optional to call the area described the hypopliarynx, or merely 
the median confluent part of the inner lobes. 
About the habits of this species nothing could be learned; 
its mouth-parts show, however, that it lives no longer on soft,, 
excrementitious matter, but on more solid food. The mandibles 
have become more chitinized and the hairs on the maxillar 
lobes have been transformed into teeth; the gustatory setae 
have undergone a great reduction. The present species forms 
a transition from this group to the next ( Geotrupes et al.). 
Phanaeus cornifex Linn. 
We find the epipharynx, mandibles and maxillae very much 
like those of Copris; the stipes and palpifer of the maxillae 
are clothed with long, stiff hairs. 
The labium (PI. XXXI, Fig. 22; PI. XXXIV, Fig. 3) 
is in its general appearance very Copris-like ; the proximal 
