564 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters . 
end of the inner lobe is also curved inward and connected with 
the hypopharvnx, but instead of being differentiated into 
chitinized teeth, its surface is covered with low, dome-shaped 
papillae, giving it the appearance of a cobble-stone pavement. 
Here also, as in Copris, the blade-shaped hairs are borne on the 
edge of this upturned part of the lobe, and, becoming slightly 
modified, extend to the distal end. 
The hypopharynx (Fig. 22) is somewhat quadrangular with 
a concave distal edge, and is clothed with moderately long, fine 
hairs. 
Onthophagus Jiecate Panz. 
The epipharynx (Fig. 23) presents the usual appearance. 
The mandibles (Fig. 24) are also of the Copris type, but the 
lacinia has increased in length, nearly attaining the tip of the 
galea. With this has gone a corresponding increase in promi¬ 
nence of the conjunctivus, and the molars have begun to de¬ 
crease in size; the change in the galea is here shown by the fact 
that the fringe on its tip has become finer and shorter. 
The maxillae (Fig. 25) show a slight reduction in the lacinia 
and an increase in the bristles on palpifer, stipes and cardo. 
Labial structures (Fig. 26). The lacinia is membranous. 
The thick, velvety coat of short hairs has disappeared, and in 
its stead we find long, bristle-like hairs covering the entire 
blade. The galea is as usual somewhat chitinized along its 
lateral margin. The proximal end of the lacinia is continued 
directly into the liypopharynx, the connecting membrane, 
which shows it, changing gradually from a thickened proximal 
to a thinner distal part. This structure continues over the 
triangular hypopharvnx proper, which bears along its edges 
the characteristic saber-shaped hairs. 
Aphodius fimetarius Linn, 
Ep'ipharynx (Fig. 27). Here the club-shaped thickening be¬ 
gins to disappear, and in its place we find a small median pro¬ 
tuberance, with a few pitted hairs at the distal edge, which ex¬ 
pands caudad into a broad V-shaped area. This area is slightly 
chitinized and smooth, and along its edges is pierced by a num- 
