Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae. 567 
The members of the next group, though generally included 
among the dung-beetles, show in their moutli-parts a distinct 
departure from the types just described, being intermediate 
between these and the skin beetles; they also show in some re¬ 
spects an approach to the predatory type of Coleoptera. 
Of the habits of the species examined nothing could be 
learned, excepting as to Geotrupes, but in the latter case the 
information did not account for the changes shown by the 
trophi. 
Bradycinctus ferrugineus Burm. 
The epipharynx (PI. XXXI, Pig. 32) forms here the under 
side of the labrum and is fused with it. Of the gustatory sense- 
organ, little has remained of the elaborate structure in the Go- 
pris beetles, though still enough to suggest its descent. Along the 
median line we find a small elevated area which is club-shaped 
in appearance; it projects slightly beyond the anterior margin 
of the labrum and bears numerous sense-papillae. Laterally it 
also bears a small number of long tactile hairs and towards 
the posterior end a row of taste-cups. 
Prom the posterior margin a membrane extends backward, 
which covers the roof of the mouth and shows several rows of 
thin hairs thickly crowded together. 
Mandibles (Pig. 33}. The galea has become wholly chiti- 
nized, but we still find part of the lacinia present as a fringe 
of comb-like hairs, extending along the inner edge. Xo trace 
of a conjunctivus can be found, the entire basal part of the 
mandible being chitinized too thoroughly to show any such 
structure. Below the lacinia, and between it and the molar, 
we find a whorled mass of fine hairs, which may possibly rep¬ 
resent the remnant of the hairs at the end of the conjunc¬ 
tivus. 
Maxillae (Fig. 34). A slender, four-segmented palpus is 
present. The galea ends in a sharp tooth, still retaining some¬ 
what the helmet shape found in the preceding group, but no 
longer membranous and hairy. The lacinia is also entirely 
chitinized and ends in a sharp, curved tooth. Above it & 
second, movable tooth is developed, similar to the digitus of 
the Carabidae. 
