Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae. 569 
intermediate stage, as shown in the preceding species, proves 
their real homology with the outer lobes of the labium. 
Bolboceras lazarus Fab. 
Here the epipharynx (PI. XXXII, Pig. 39) is less develop¬ 
ed; it is sparsely beset with hairs and forms the under side of 
the labrum. Laterally the epipharynx is continued into a 
membrane which is thickly covered with tactile hairs. Xo 
taste-cups of any kind could be seen. 
Mandibles (Pig. 40). These are in general like those of B. 
farctus, still showing a junction between the large galea and 
smaller lacinia. The latter part is chitinized, bearing Vthe 
characteristic hairs along its margin and showing at its base a 
striated portion with which it is continuous. This basal por¬ 
tion, which lies adjacent to the molar, is doubtless a remnant 
of the conjunctive, which here, as in other species of this 
group, is no longer recognizable as a distinct piece. 
Labium. This is very much reduced. The lobes are mem¬ 
branous, the inner one rudimentary. Xo trace of a hypo- 
pharynx remains, and no sense-cups of any kind could be 
found. 
Geotrupes egeriei Germ. (PL XXXII, Pigs. 41-45). 
Epipharynx (Pig. 41). Here we find the epipharynx occupy¬ 
ing as usual the under side of the labrum, no longer as a dis¬ 
tinct membrane but connected with it all along its anterior and 
lateral margins. The arrangement of the hairs still shows a 
strong resemblance to that found in the beetles of the preced¬ 
ing group. 
Mandibles (Pig, 42). The mandibles are chitinized and end 
in strong teeth, the distal one of which is the horny point of 
the galea. The lacinia consists of an inner membranous and 
an outer chitinous part and forms the second tooth of the man¬ 
dible. That this is the lacinia is shown by its connection with 
the conjunctive; this can still be distinguished and shows the 
remnant of its original structure by the interrupted parallel 
ridges on its surface. 
Labium (Pigs. 44-45). Here we find a hypopharynx pres- 
