Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae . 577 
furnished with three long rows of strong, moderately long 
hairs. The velvety, hairy area, which we generally find cov¬ 
ering the posterior end of the membranous part of the epi- 
pharynx, is in this species situated directly behind its front 
edge. The whole labrum, with the epipharynx, is pushed far 
back under the clypeus, so that this velvety area is really in its 
normal position in regard to the gullet of the insect. 
Mandibles (Fig. 76). These are large, prominent and 
strongly chitinized. The molar is well developed and is fur¬ 
nished with numerous high ridges; the galea forms the greater 
part of the mandible and ends in two sharp, inwardly projecting 
teeth. The lacinia has also been chitinized, but still shows 
the characteristic hairs along its inner edge. 
Labial structures. The diagram (PI. XXXIV, Fig 8) 
shows the existing conditions. The posterior plate of the sub- 
mentum is short, the anterior plate long with slightly convex 
sides. The mentum is large and nearly quadrangular, some¬ 
what narrowed posteriorly, and has been pushed in far over 
the sub-mentum so that in a ventral view only a small portion 
of it can be seen projecting in front. Xo sensory apparatus 
suggesting a hypopharynx seems to be present. 
Cotalpa lanigera Linn. (PL XXXIV, Fig. 9). 
Epipharynx . The labrum is deeply indented and is shoved far 
under the clypeus. The epipharynx is almost entirely corneous; 
only its median area is membranous and entirely covered with 
stiff hairs. Xo sensory structures of any kind could be found, 
Xeither the mandibles nor the maxillae show any striking 
peculiarity, and they need not be discussed. 
Labial structures. The mentum is shorter than in Anom- 
ala; its position, dorsad from the sub-mentum, is not appar¬ 
ent when examined from beneath. A fusion has evidently 
taken place here between the mentum and the distal edge of the 
sub-mentum, not even a suture indicating the place of fusion. 
A lateral view of the labial structures discloses the true con¬ 
dition of affairs; the separation between mentum and sub- 
mentum is then plainly shown, and the palpi are seen to arise 
dorsad from the sub-mentum. 
37 — S. & A. 
