Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae. 579' 
chitinous portion is followed caudad by a membranous part, 
which is densely covered with what seem to be short, conical 
papillae. Whether these are sense-papillae or merely abortive 
hairs I cannot with certainty decide. The anterior edge of the 
epipharynx is thickly beset with long, thin, cylindrical hairs* 
Mandibles (Fig. 81). These are short and -strongly chitim 
ized. The molar is small and smooth and has undergone a 
great reduction. The galea is broad; its terminal expansion 
shows a rounded tooth. Below this tooth we find on the inner 
edge of the galea a tuft of hairs such as is usually found in the 
lacinia; this seems to indicate that in this species a part of the 
horny terminal expansion of the mandibles was formed by the 
lacinia. 
Maxillae (Fig. 82). These are similar in shape to those of 
Cyclocephala except that they are somewhat shorter; the galea 
is more nearly triangular and ends in two short teeth of equal 
length. The entire organ is covered with moderately long, 
stiff hairs. 
Labial structures (PI. XXXIV, Fig. 11). The posterior 
plate of the sub-mentum is small and transverse; the anterior 
plate is elongated and narrows anteriorly. Its sides are slight¬ 
ly convex; its lateral edges are turned inward, and its front 
edge is deeply notched. The mentum is pushed in over the 
sub-mentum for a considerable distance, and, being broader 
than the anterior part of the sub-mentum, it can be seen pro¬ 
jecting over its front and lateral edges. The mentum narrows 
posteriorly and is forked at its caudal end; these two prongs 
extend backwards and their lateral edges join the turned-in 
sides of the sub-mentum; a cavity is thus formed, the opening 
of which is dorsad; ventrally it is bounded by the sub-mentum., 
whose turned-in edges also enclose the cavity laterally and in 
part dorsally. As already mentioned, these turned-in edges 
of the sub-mentum form the boundary of the opening of the 
cavity, excepting the anterior margin which is bounded by the 
mentum; in this space the fulcrum hypopharyngeum is im¬ 
bedded. Xo trace of a sensory hypopharynx was found. 
