Hardenberg—Studies in the Trophi of the Scarabaeidae. 581 
Maxillae (Fig. 89). These are elongated like the mandi¬ 
bles ; the galea is no longer toothed hut becomes hairy; the la- 
cinia is more prominent and is furnished at its inner edge with 
a row of stiff hairs. 
Labial structures (Fig. 90). The mentum is larger and 
broader than the anterior plate of the sub-mentum and is 
pushed in over it for a considerable distance. Its front and 
the lateral chitinized edges are turned inward, and the latter 
bear several lateral rows of hairs, but no sense-cups. An ad¬ 
ditional tuft of smaller hairs is found on the anterior median 
area. 
Euphoria inda Linn. (Figs. 91-94). This insect may be 
considered as the type of the pollen-eating forms. Its mouth- 
parts are greatly reduced both in size and in amount of cliiti- 
nization. 
Epipharynx (Fig. 91). This is very similar in structure 
to that of Ligyrus , being entirely chitinous and having its an¬ 
terior edge beset with long, cylindrical hairs. Its sides are 
strongly convex; the anterior edge is concave; laterally it is 
covered with numerous pointed hairs which gradually pass over 
into short, conical papillae covering the posterior part of the 
epipharynx. The median area is not entirely smooth as in 
Ligyrus , but bears an isolated tuft of hairs near its anterior 
edge. 
Mandibles (Fig. 92). The galea is long, slender, slightly' 
chitinized and ends in a membranous plate; the lacinia is 
broad, not at all chitinous, and has a fringe of thickly crowded,, 
soft hairs along its inner margin. A molar can still be dis¬ 
tinguished, but it is rudimentary. 
Maxillae (Fig. 93). These are long, slender and but 
slightly chitinized. The four-segmented palpi are short and 
stout; the terminal joint of each is nearly as long as the other 
three combined. The most striking feature of the maxillae is 
the covering of long, stiff, thickly crowded hairs with which 
the galea and the tip of the lacinia are provided; they are 
used as brushes for collecting pollen. 
Labial structures (Fig. 94). The mentum is pushed in far 
over the flask-shaped sub-mentum, and being considerably 
