592 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts , and Letters . 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
1. Comstock, J. H.: An introduction to entomology.—1888. 
2. Comstock, J. H.: A manual for the study of insects.— 
1888. 
3. Kadic, Otokar: Studien uber das Labium der Coleop- 
teren.—1901. 
4. Kirby, W., and Spence, W.: An introduction to entomol¬ 
ogy.—1898. 
5. Kolbe, H. J.: Einfubrung in die Kenntniss der Insek- 
ten.—1893. 
6. Leconte, John L., and Horn, George H.: Classifica¬ 
tion of the Coleoptera of Kortb America.—1883. 
7. Packard, A. S.: A textbook of entomology. 
8. Smith, John B.: The moutb-parts of Copris Carolina , 
with notes on the homologies of the mandibles. Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc ., xix: 83—1882. 
The bibliography is very incomplete, as I have not bad ac¬ 
cess to a number of papers on the subjects here treated. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
ep.epipharynx. 
s. a. . supporting arch. 
max.maxilla. 
gal.galea. 
sub. gal.sub-galea. 
lac.iacinia. 
st.stipes. 
m. .molar. 
conj.conjunctivus. 
m. p.maxillary palp. 
1. p.labial palp. 
p. f...palpifer. 
P- g.palpiger. 
ment.mentum. 
s. m. sub-mentum. 
a. p.anterior plate of the sub-mentum. 
p. p.posterior plate of the sub-mentum. 
g- .. gula. 
fulc. hyp.fulcrum hypopharyngeum, 
hyp.hypopharynx. 
i* 1.inner lobe of the labium. 
o.l...outer lobe of the labium. 
