882 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
As, however, in addition, natural and timely means should 
be sought for the control of this grievous disease, in order that 
the affliction may be at once, to a degree at least, allayed and 
anticipated, so far as human resources can accomplish it, tHe 
Honorable Council has deemed the measures which it has 
caused to be set forth in the following ordinance advisable and 
necessary.- This order shall be made known to all burghers 
and tenants^in the city through the heads of the districts in 
which they dwell, in order that no one may plead ignorance as 
an excuse. 
In the first place, since the pestilence, although doubtless a 
visitation of God, is caused in great measure by pollution of 
the air, and this pollution in no small degree by foul and of¬ 
fensive odors; the Honorable Council earnestly warns and ad¬ 
monishes each burgher and inhabitant, not to throw urine and 
other refuse, as far as this is possible, upon the public streets 
and highways, but to carry all such refuse to the Pegnitz 2 3 or 
the Vischbach, or to dispose of it in such a way that it may 
cause least annoyance to himself and to others, and to be espe¬ 
cially mindful of the fact that the urine of diseased or infected 
persons is, before all other causes, promotive of this disease. 
In the second place, it is the earnest command and admoni¬ 
tion of the Honorable Council, that from now on, as long as 
this time of mortality lasts, no barber, cupper or surgeon of 
this city shall throw, pour or cause to be thrown any blood 
drawn from human beings into the private closet or upon the 
public streets, either by day or by night, but shall cause ail 
such blood at once to be carried to, and emptied into the waters 
of the Pegnitz or the Vischbach on pain of the irremissible 
payment of two pounds of “Heuer Heller/ 7 8 
In the third place, since from the manure which is allowed to 
remain for a considerable time in various places on the streets, 
foul and offensive odors arise, which at this time are not only 
2 The Pegnitz flows through Nuremberg and divides at several points 
into two distinct arms. The Vischbach is a tributary of the Pegnitz. 
3 Two hundred forty heller made one pound. 
