116 
THE CODEX AND THE BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA. 
said to be emollient and softening, but it can scarcely be remunerative where 
fresh eggs are not as plentiful as in France. 
273. Graisse de Porc, ou Axonge*. 
Adejps JPorcinus. Hog's Lard. 
For the preparation of lard the directions given in the Codex are not in 
accordance either with the opinion of those wdio purify by washing before melt¬ 
ing, or those who simply melt in a water bath at a boiling heat and then strain. 
The Codex directions are, remove the membrane and the red pieces which adhere 
from the flare, cut into pieces, beat in a marble mortar, and heat by means of a 
water bath until the whole is melted and clear, then strain, stir it gently until 
it becomes white and opaque, then put it into pots, which should be completely 
filled, and when tied over, keep in a cool place. From some recent trials I am 
inclined to prefer the water-bath melting without the previous washing with 
water. 
CHAPTER XXVIII. 
TISANS. f 
Tisans are medicaments in which water is employed as the excipient, and are 
intended to serve as an invalid’s ordinary beverage ; they contain but little 
medicinal principle, and are sweetened with liquorice, honey, sugar, or some 
medicated syrup. They are prepared either by maceration, digestion, decoction, 
or solution, according to the nature of the substances which enter into their 
composition. As tisans are prepared when required, and can be much varied 
according to the wishes of the medical attendant, a few forms only are given to 
serve as examples ; they are twenty-four in number. 
278. Tisane de Gentian. 
Sliced gentian-root . Five grammes. 5 
Cold water .... One thousand grammes . . 1000 
Macerate for four hours and strain. 
Quassia, simaruba, and rhubarb are prepared in the same way. 
285. Tisane de Fleurs d’Arnica. 
Arnica flowers . . . Four grammes. 4 
Boiling water . . . One thousand grammes . . 1000 
Infuse for half an hour and filter through paper. 
Saffron tisan is prepared in the same way, omitting the filtration. Among 
the tisans there are Iceland and Irish moss, tamarind and cassia, also ordinary 
lemonade made with lemons, water, and sugar, lemonade containing the soluble 
cream of tartar, also with sulphuric acid and syrup diluted with water, and 
tartaric acid and water, finishing the list with a form for preparing whey from 
cow’s milk and citric acid, clarifying with white of egg and filtering through 
paper previously washed with boiling water. 
The preparation of beverages for the sick room is mostly in England left in 
the hands of the cook or maid of all work, but might with advantage be oftener 
intrusted to the pharmaceutist. 
Chapters 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33 contain the Apozemes, Bouillons or 
Broths, Emulsions, Mucilages, and Potions. 
Apozemes are, as a rule, preparations in which water is the excipient; they 
differ from tisans in containing a greater proportion of medicinal qualities, and 
are not taken as drinks, but in the doses prescribed ; for though some are simple 
f I have adopted this mode of spelling tisan, in preference to jptisan. 
