272 LIVERPOOL chemists’ association. 
the results of his experiments had fully warranted the conclusion he had 
drawn. 
Dr. Sedgwick suggested that the explanation of Dr. Redwood’s results dif¬ 
fering was to be found in this fact, that microscopic crystals were formed in a 
very thin film of liquid on a flat surface, on which the crystals would only grow 
by accretion laterally, whereas in the case of large crystals they were formed 
in a solution by accretion on all sides. 
Dr. Attfield’s experience had accorded with that both of Dr. Redwood and 
of Mr. Waddington. If a hot solution were dropped on a cold surface, he had 
always found that small crystals were obtained ; but if the slide were allowed to 
stand for a little while, the crystals grew together. The peculiarity of Mr. 
Waddington’s process consisted in pouring away the mother liquor as soon as 
the crystals had formed; it was in this way that he obtained such beautiful spe¬ 
cimens, whilst other persons only got a mass of crystallization. 
LIQUOR TERRI PERCHLORIDI FORTIOR. 
Mr. Abraham, of Liverpool, said he found, in making this preparation, that 
the specific gravity was 1*445 to 1*449, and not 1*338 as stated in the Phar¬ 
macopoeia. 
PROVINCIAL TRANSACTIONS. 
LIVERPOOL CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. 
First General Meeting, held October 18th, 1867; the President, Mr. R. Sumner (who 
has been re-elected to the office for the present session), in the chair. 
The following gentlemen were elected Members:—Mr. W. L. Bathgate, Mr. G. Web¬ 
ster, Mr. Henry Graham. 
7 ** _ _ 
As Associates:—Mr. Richard Robinson, Mr. W. Parsons, Mr. E. Langley Tyndale. 
The following donations to the Library were received:—‘Pharmaceutical Chemistry,’ 
by Professor Attfield ; from the author. ‘ The Pharmaceutical Journal ’ for October. 
The thanks of the meeting were voted to the donors. 
Mr. Syme advocated the importance of Members bringing forward the results of their 
experience, and described a method by which he preserved leeches in a healthy state. 
He keeps them in a stoneware jar, and changes the water daily, pouring it in from 
a height of two feet. No gravel or vegetable matter is used. He also described the 
precautions necessary to obtain carbonate or phosphate of iron without oxidation. 
The President then read the Annual Address :— 
Gentlemen,—On this return to our duties for another Session, the Council has conferred 
upon me the very undeserved honour to occupy this chair for another year. In taking 
upon myself this responsibility, I desire to make it my first duty to thank you for re¬ 
posing so much confidence in me, and, encouraged by past experience of your willing¬ 
ness to aid, and in every way to lighten, that which otherwise I could not hope to ac¬ 
complish, we shall, I trust, by our unifed exertions, help forward the success of the 
year. No sooner is the harvest gathered in, than the plough is again set in the furrow. 
So we, having just turned the corner of the past, open up the present. There needs 
ploughers and sowers, aud thorough cultivation, to secure success. Let me ask for your 
individual efforts, and we shall all be gainers. The old truth is most particularly a ve¬ 
rity in such works as ours, “ There is that scattereth and yet increaseth and if you run 
the parallel, it will be found equally true with those who, from sordid motives, “ with¬ 
hold more than is meet, and it tendeth to poverty.” But this and like institutions are 
not based upon such withering principles. If I may be allowed to hoist our banner and 
unfurl it, I believe on one side will be found “ self-improvement,” and on the other “the 
public good.” If there ever was a time when these principles were most especially 
needed, that time is the day in which we live. We must, therefore, give our united 
