278 SHEFFIELD ASSOCIATION OF CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. 
After urging upon the Associates to avail themselves of the advantages offered 
by Mr. Ward’s various classes in chemistry, and to consider the responsibility of the 
Materia Medica collection as peculiarly their own, the President spoke hopefully of 
the prospects of pharmaceutical legislation during next year, and urged that they 
should all continue to work in concert, that they might more effectively put out their 
united strength when the time came for a final and successful effort to obtain from the 
State their just claims. 
Mr. Horsfield moved a vote of thanks for the address just delivered, and liberally 
offered a prize of the value of a guinea to the most successful student connected with 
the Association who attended Mr. Ward’s classes in chemistry. 
Mr. Haigh seconded the motion, and Mr. Thompson, the Hon. Secretary (Mr. Yew- 
dall), and other members took part in a discussion which turned chiefly upon the local 
aspect of science-teaching. 
DUNDEE CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION—PRESENTATION. 
The proceedings in connection with the late meeting of the British Pharmaceutical 
Conference in Dundee were brought to a close the other evening by the members of the 
Dundee Chemists’ Association, by a supper. Mr. David Russell, the President of the 
Association, occupied the chair. In the course of the evening the Chairman expressed 
the thanks of the Association to Mr. James Hodge for the valuable services which he 
had rendered as Local Secretary of the British Pharmaceutical Conference; and then, 
in name and on behalf of the Association, presented Mr. Hodge with a substantial and 
handsome-looking album in recognition of his labour. The album was mounted with a 
chaste silver plate, on which the following inscription was engraven:—“Presented to 
Mr. James Hodge, by the Members of the Dundee Chemists’ Association, in token of 
their appreciation of his services as Local Secretary of the British Pharmaceutical Con¬ 
ference, held at Dundee, September 3-6, 1867.” The album contained a number of 
cartes de visile of the members of the Association. 
SHEFFIELD ASSOCIATION OF CHEMISTS AND DRUGGISTS. 
The usual monthly meeting of the members of this Association was held last night at 
the Cutlers’ Hall, when Mr. E. P. Hornby read an instructive and interesting paper on 
“ Tobacco.” After proving that tobacco had been used, chiefly, however, for medical 
purposes, long before it was discovered by Columbus, Mr. Hornby proceeded to show 
how great was the consumption of it in this country, and how largely the consumption 
had increased. Virginian tobacco, he said, was what we in England were most ac¬ 
quainted with, and in 1662 the quantity produced was 60,000 lbs. In 1689 the quantity 
exported from that State was about 120,000 lbs. In 1851, the consumption in England 
alone was 28,610,841 lbs.; in 1853 it had increased to nearly thirty million pounds ; and 
in 1866 the consumption was no less than thirty-six million pounds. With the excep¬ 
tion of France, the English people consumed less tobacco a year than the inhabitants of 
other countries. In England, the consumption was at the rate of 20 ounces for each 
individual; France, 18J ounces; Denmark, 40; Belgium,. 48; and in some of the 
Northern States of America the consumption greatly exceeded that quantity. The same 
was the case with some of the Eastern countries, where no duty had to be paid. Ac¬ 
cording to a calculation prepared by Mr. Crawfurd, the average consumption of tobacco 
by the human race was one thousand millions of pounds a year, which was equal to 70 
ounces a head. He also estimated that the total produce was two millions of tons, and 
that, at the rate of 800 lbs. an acre, five and a half million acres of rice land were re¬ 
quired to be kept constantly under cultivation. Mr. Hornby gave another illustration 
to show the enormous quantity of tobacco produced and consumed every year, and he 
observed, that if the English people would dispense with the use of tobacco as a luxury, 
more money would be saved than would be required to purchase bread for the whole 
nation. With reference to the action of tobacco, he remarked that it was highly 
