Junction Deposits. 
21 
rods wide on top. Its sides are as steep as gravel and sand will 
lie. Its course is sinuous, like that of a stream. 
Besides the wide gaps which occur in nearly all of these eskers 
there are several narrow gaps through some of which small 
streams now flow. In the case of the wide gaps, the esker 
usually thins perceptibly if not greatly before disappearance; 
but where the narrow gaps are found the esker terminates ab¬ 
ruptly on one side of the valley and begins as abruptly on the 
other. The resemblance to a railroad embankment where a stream 
is to be crossed by a high bridge is marked. Present appear¬ 
ances indicate not that the stream has cut the gap in such cases, 
but rather that the gap was either never filled or else the 
material was removed while the ice was still near. None of the 
eskers nor the associated deposits seem to have suffered much if 
any post-glacial erosion. 
About a mile and a half southwest of Ramsey’s a deposit is 
found which seems to have been made by the union of three 
small eskers which come in here. 1 It is an oval, rather flat- 
topped body of sand and gravel, covering perhaps an acre to the 
depth of twelve or fifteen feet. Two branches, apparently from 
the Ramsey’s esker, come in from the north, another comes in or 
goes out from the southwest, while a fourth leads out to the 
south. The three first mentioned come from higher ground to 
the junction. The one going south descends from the junction, 
following the course of a small stream for about a mile, where 
it enters another and larger junction deposit, through which it 
connects with the Allendale esker. 
This second junction deposit is about a quarter of a mile long 
by half as wide and rises forty feet above the eskers connecting 
with it. It is steep-faced on the sides facing the lower ground, but 
seems to lap on the higher ground on the northwest smoothly as 
though it were wedge-shaped. The thick end of the wedge lies 
toward the low ground, and the surface is quite level. In all 
particulars save one, this deposit is like the bodies of sand and 
gravel lying in the course of the Ramsey’s esker south of Mah- 
1 So far as I know this feature has not been before noted in connection 
with eskers, and hence no name to designate it has been suggested. In 
the absence of a distinctive name I have simply called them junction 
deposits. 
