Region and Distribution of the Birds. 
88 
are quantities of woodpeckers. Here breed a lot of Tachycineta 
bicolor and several Parus atricapillus. 
I wandered about a good deal in the East Swamp; but a single 
mile was always enough to exhaust my strength. Ardea herodias 
must breed in great numbers, but I never saw its nest. Many 
other large birds also probably breed there; Cathartes aura quite 
surely, possibly Grus canadensis . 8 
The swamps lie considerably higher than the usual water 
level in the rivers, but they have almost no flow, since the land 
between them and the rivers has, in the course of time, been 
much raised. Some years ago a ditch was dug through a part 
of East Swamp. It is now ruined, and could never have done 
much service, although it carries still, especially in spring 
time, a great quantity of water into Wolf River. 
Where the ditch has its outlet there is on both sides of the 
river a little thrifty wood which consists of different kinds of 
conifers. The flowing water has made it a favorite abode of 
a multitude of birds. I called it the Pine Wood. It consists 
principally of larch and fir, but other conifers are to be found 
there and a considerable number of deciduous trees, especially 
ash. The trees are tall, but not old. Empidonax minimus has 
here one of its favorite resorts. Here breed Turdus furcescens , 
Compsothlypis americana , Dendroica blackburnice , Zonotrichia 
albicollis and many other birds. In migration time there are 
hosts of warblers. 
Really old evergreen woods are as good as wanting north of 
the railway. In many places, especially west of Wolf River, 
around the German Farm, and north of Shioc River there have 
stood mighty pine woods, but they were cut down long since. 
The forest floor however has not yet wholly changed and 
Bonasa umbellus has especially its home there. 
South of the railway there is a wood of giant pine trees. 
I did not go there very often, not at all in the spring of 1882; 
yet I must refer to it occasionally. I call it the Great Wood. 
In the Daily Beat there is not a hill to be found, but south of 
the railway the land rises sharply and the Great Wood lies on a 
8 1. e., the sandhill crane, Grus mexicana of the A. O. U. Check-List.— 
Author, in litt. 
