On the Classification of Carbon- Compounds. 323 
by the same author, such a basis for the adopted classification 
appears almost altogether wanting. This is particularly true 
e. g. of the nitrogen derivatives of the paraffin hydro-carbons. 
For the sake of illustration an abbreviated outline of the chap¬ 
ters may be given: 
PARTIAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND 
THEIR DERIVATIVES ACCORDING TO 
Richter. 
Monatomic alcohols (saturat 
ed and unsaturaied). 
Ethers. 
Mercaptanes and Thioethers. 
Esters of the Mineral Acids. 
Amines: primary, secondary, 
nitro-a m i n e s, ammonium 
bases, hydroxylamine de¬ 
rivatives. 
Hydrazines, Diazo-com- 
pounds 
Phosphines, Arsines. 
Metalorgaoic compounds. 
Aldehydes and Ketones. 
Monobasic Acids (saturated 
and unsaturated). 
Haloid anhydrides of the 
acids 
Cyanides of the acid radicles. 
Acid anhydrides, Thio acids. 
Esters of the fatty acids. 
Acid amides. Amide chlorides, 
Thio amities. 
Cyanogen-, Sulpho- and Ami- 
do-derivatives of the acids. 
Keto-acids. 
Cyanogen compounds: 
Dicyanogen. 
Hydrogen cyanide, Halo 
gen cyanide, etc. 
Cyanic Acid, Cyanamic 
Acid, etc. 
Cyanides of the Alkyl 
radicles. 
Iso-cyanides or Carbyla 
mines. 
Cyanamide, etc., Ami- 
dines, etc., Guanidine, 
etc. 
Victor Meyer. 
1. Paraffin hydrocarbons. 
2. Monatomic alcohols, 
CnH2n + l(OH). 
3. Alkyl compounds, the al¬ 
kyl radicles of which are 
bound to halogen or oxy¬ 
gen. 
4. Alkyl derivatives of sul¬ 
phur (selenium or tellur¬ 
ium). 
5. Alkyl derivatives of nitro¬ 
gen: 
(a) Alkylamines, 
CnH2n -I- 3N. 
(b) Quaternary ammoni¬ 
um compounds. 
(c) Hydrazine and tetra- 
zone. 
(d) Alkyl derivatives of 
hydroxylamine. 
(e) Carbylamiaes (isoni¬ 
triles or isocyanides). 
(f) Alkyl mtro com¬ 
pounds, 
CnH2n + iN02. 
6. Alkyl derivatives of other 
metalloids (phosphines, 
etc ). 
7. Alkyl derivatives of met¬ 
als. 
8. Transition to acids, alde¬ 
hydes and ketones (Alkyl 
cyanides or nitriles of the 
fatty acids). 
9. Fatty acids. 
10 Derivatives of fatty acids. 
11. Aldehydes and ketones. 
Bernthsen. 
1. Hydrocarbons (saturat¬ 
ed to serit-s CnHan—6). 
2. Halogen substitution 
products. 
3. Monatomic alcohols. 
4. Derivatives of alcohols: 
(a) Ethers. 
(b) Sulpho-alcohols and 
ethers. 
(c) Esters with inorgan¬ 
ic acids and their 
isomers. 
(d) Nitrogen bases of 
alkyl radicles. 
(e) Compounds of phos¬ 
phorus. arsenic, etc. 
(f) Metallic derivatives 
of the alkyl radicles. 
5. Aldehydes and ketones. 
6. Monobasic acids. 
7. Acid derivatives: 
(a) Esters 
(b) Acid chlorides. 
(c) Acid anhydrides. 
(d) Thio acids. 
(e) Acid amines. 
(f) Amido- and imido- 
chlorides. 
(g) Thiamides. 
(h) Amidines. 
8 to 11. Polyatomic alcohols 
and polybasic acids. 
12. Cyanogen derivatives: 
(a) Cyanogen and hy¬ 
dro-cyanic acid. 
(b) Halogen derivatives 
of cyanogen. 
(c) Cyanic and cyan¬ 
amic acids. 
(d) Suloho cyanic acid 
and derivatives. 
(e) Cyanimide and de¬ 
rivatives . 
(f) Appendix: Theory 
of isomerism in the 
cyanogen group. 
A mere glance over these tables of contents, which reveal the 
system, or rather lack of system, of classification, will imme¬ 
diately make strikingly apparent the lack of uniformity. If, 
