40 
Pinus monticola, Dough 
California, at an elevation of 7,000 feet. It thrives best in poor Boil 
of granite formation, and attains the height of 200 feet, with a stem 
of 1J to 4 feet thick. The wood is white, close-grained. 
Pinus murioata, Don. 
Bishop's Pine. California. Found up 7,600 feet. This pine grows to 
about 40 feet. 
Pinus nigra, Ait. 
Black Spruce. North-East America, Occurring extensively between 
44° and 63° N. latitude. This treo, which is termed Double Spruce 
by the Canadians, attains a height of 70 feet, and furnishes a light 
elastic timber of white colour; excellent for yards of ships. The 
young shoots are used for making spruce-beer, and the small roots 
serve as cords. It likes swampy forest land, 
Pinus nobilis, Dough 
Noble White Fir. North west coast of America, on the Columbia 
Kiver, and the mountains of North California, where it forms exten¬ 
sive forests at 6 to 8,000 feet. A majestic tree, 160 to 200 feet high, 
with regular horizontal branches. It furnishes a valuable timber for 
building. 
Pinus orientalis, L, 
Sapinrlus Fir. In Asia Minor, at 4.000 feet. Tho tree rises to about 
80 feet, and resembles somewhat the Norway Spruce. The wood is 
exceedingly tough and durable. 
Pinus parviflora, Sieb. 
In Japan. It only gets about 26 feet high; hut is much used as an 
avenue tree; also, for fine furniture and boat-building. 
Pinus Pattoniana, Pari. 
California; 6 to 6,000 feet above sea-level, A very fine fir, 300 feet 
high, with a perfectly straight Btem. The wood is bard, of a reddish 
colour, with handsome veins; but poor in resin. 
Pinus patula, Scbiede and Deppe. 
In Mexico; at an elevation of 8 to 0,000 feet. A graceful pine, 80 feet 
high. 
Pinus pendula, Soland, (/’. microcarpa. Lamb.) 
Small-coned American Larch; Black Larch or Tamarack. Frequent 
in Vermont find New Hampshire, A pine of pyramidal growth, 100 
feet high. The timber is white, heavy, resinous, and as highly 
valued as that of the Common Larch. 
Pinus picea,* Dn Hoi. (/\ Abies, L.) 
Norway Spruce, Fichte, Middle and Northern Europe and Northern 
Asia; rising from the plains to an elevation of 4,600 feet, and forming 
extensive forests. The tree attains a height of 160 feet, or even more, 
and furnishes an excellent timber for building and furniture; com¬ 
monly known under the name of White Deal. It also produces the 
Burgundy Pitch in quantity, while the bark fs used for tanning. 
Though enduring our dry summers, thi3 spruce would have to be 
restricted for timber purposes to the damp mountains. 
Pinus Pinaster, Soland.* 
Cluster Pine. On the shores of tho Mediterranean, The tree is o^ 
quick growth, and rises to CO feet in height; the wood is soft and 
resinous; it yields largely the French turpentine. Among the best 
pines for consolidation of sandy coast land, and converting rolling 
sands into pasture and agricultural land. For ease of rearing and 
rapidity of growth, one of the most important of all pines. 
