47 
Carya amara, Nuttall. 
The Bitternut Tree or Swamp Hickory. A tree, 80 feet high, in 
swampy grounds of North America. Wood less valuable than that of 
other Hickories. 
Carya glabra, Torrey* (Carya por tin a, Nuttall.) 
The Hognut Tree. A tree, 80 feet high, in forest land of North 
America. Wood very tough ; the heart-wood reddish or dark-coloured ; 
much used for axletrees and axehaudles. 
Carya oliviformis, Nuttall* 
The Pecan Nut Tree. A lofty tree, fond of river hanks in North 
America. 
Carya sulcata, Nuttall.* 
The Furrowed Hickory and Shellbark Hickory of some districts; also 
Shagbark Hickory. A tree, 80 feet high, in damp woods of North 
America. Heart-wood pale-coloured. Seed of sweet pleasant taste. 
Carya tomentosa, Nuttall.* 
The Mocker Nuttree, or White Heart Hickory. A big tree of North 
America. Likes forest soil not moist. Heart-wood pale-coloured, 
remarkable for strength aud durability. Seeds very oily. Nut small, 
but sweet. A variety produces nuts as large as an apple. 
Castanea sativa, Miller.* (C. vesca Gatrtner.) 
The Sweet Chcsnut Tree. South Europe and temperate Asia, as far as 
Japan, and a variety with smaller fruits extending to North America. 
It attains an enormous age; at Mount Etna an individual tree 
occurs with a stem 204 feet in circumference. The wood is light 
and coarse-grained; the importance of the tree rests on its adapta¬ 
bility for shade plantations, its nutritious iluts and timber value. 
Castauopsis argentea, A. Candolle. 
A lofty tree in the mountains of India, produces also edible chesnuts. 
Other species of the genus Castauopsis are valuable. 
Casuarina glauca, Sicbor. 
The Desert Slieoak, widely distributed through Australia, but nowliorc 
in forcBt-like musses. This species attains, in favourable places, a 
height of 80 feet. Its hard durable wood is valuable. Important for 
its rapid growth, resistance to exposure for shelter plantation, and 
a speedy supply of fuel, a remark which applies also to the following 
species. 
Casuarina quadrivalvis, Labillard. 
l'he Coast Sheoak of South-east Australia, but not merely living in 
coast sand, but also on barren places up to the hills inland. Height 
to 60 feet. The male tree is very eligible for avenues, the foliage of 
the species being drooping. Cattle are fond of the foliage. For 
arresting the ingress of coast sand by belts of timber, this is one of 
the most important trees. It produces, like other Casuarinas, seeds 
early and copiously, and is easily raised. 
Casuarina suberosa, Willd. 
The Erect Sheoak of South East Australia. Height to 40 feet. A 
beautiful shady species. Casuarina trichodon (Miq.), C. Fraseriana, 
(Miq.), aud C, Huegeliana (Miq.), are arboreous species of South-west 
Australia, all valuable for their wood. 
Cedrela Taona, Roxburgh.* 
The Singapore Cedar. A mere variety of this is the Red Cedar of East 
Australia (Cedrela Australis, Cunn.) The light beautiful wood, easily 
worked and susceptible of high polish, is much in request for 
