H 
Lang .— Studies in the Morphology and 
the internal xylem, which can be traced bulging outwards into the gap. 
The level is therefore about the same as Text-fig. 2, C. The second 
photograph (Photo 21) shows the bulge with the outer xylem completed 
over the inner xylem and also extending across to complete the xylem 
tube of the rhizome. The level of this section corresponds to Text-fig. 2, D. 
The whole structure suggests the attachment of the base of a miniature 
branch stele, with its inner and outer xylem continuous with the corre¬ 
sponding tissues of the main stele. 
The vascular disturbance in relation to the bud was exceptionally well 
marked in the large rhizome selected for description above, and in a number 
of similar pieces of rhizome (cf. Text-fig. i, b). In other and smaller 
rhizomes, however, the structure was different, though such cases did not 
negative the interpretation of the better marked and more highly organized 
examples. In smaller rhizomes the closure of the leaf-gap took place by 
the meeting of the relatively strongly developed xylem at its edges ; the inner 
xylem sometimes extended slightly outwards into the gap, the outer xylem 
not being continued across till later. But in these cases (cf. PI. I, 
Photo 7) no well-marked vascular bulge was formed, and there was no indi¬ 
cation of an organized branch stele, although the xylem ring was thicker in 
this region owing to the greater development of inner xylem. The endo- 
dermis was raised up and open in relation to the vestigial bud ; sometimes 
it had previously closed around the stele, in other cases it remained open. 
In small rhizomes also the bud often appears to be situated relatively 
further back. In the full-sized adult rhizome the transverse section showing 
the actual bud passes through the leaf-trace on the other side of the median 
line, when it has separated from the vascular tissues of the stele. This 
would correspond to a section between E and F in Text-fig. 2. In the 
small rhizomes, on the other hand, the next leaf-trace may still form part 
of a complete stelar tube at this level (cf. PL I, Photo 7), and in other cases 
the bud may be so far back as to lie over the unclosed leaf-gap (cf. Text- 
fig. 4, a). These differences in position do not affect the regular segmental 
succession of leaves and buds, but are of interest for comparison with what 
is found in rhizomes of juvenile type, and as bearing on the attachment of 
actual branches. 
2. The Anatomical Relations of Actual Branches 
to the Main Rhizome. 
In Farmer and Freeman’s paper 1 reference is made to the occurrence 
of ‘ adventitious ’ branches on more or less decorticated fragments of 
rhizome, but no account is given of the vascular relations of the branch 
to the main stem. Gwynne-Vaughan 2 suggested that such branches might 
be due to the vestigial buds being stimulated into action under certain 
1 Loc. cit., p. 423, 2 Loc. cit., p. 173. 
