226 Lindsey.—-The Branching and Branch 
the plane of separation of a fallen branch, and the leaf-traces passing out to 
the branch would of necessity cut this plane of separation and leave their 
impressions thereon. The leaf-trace markings on the lower part of the scar 
would be more or less in continuity with those on the stem below, because 
the leaf-traces belong to the same phyllotactic series in both and cut the 
abscission layer and the stem at approximately the same angle in both. On 
the upper part of the scar, however, it will be seen from Text-fig. 2 that the 
leaf-traces run almost parallel to the plane of the scar, and so they would 
appear not as small punctations or dots, but as an irregular series of 
elongated scars. 
Description of two new Specimens. 
There are in the Manchester Museum two hitherto undescribed 
specimens of Bothrodendron minutifolium ; these two new specimens are 
among the finest known. The first consists of a large branch some fifteen 
inches in length (PI. XI, Fig. 1 ). This was partly exposed in a matrix of 
shale, which, being very easily split, allowed further portions of the branch 
to be exposed on development with a small chisel. 
The main stem is about two inches in diameter, and at a distance of 
some six inches from the lower end of the specimen it branches dichoto- 
mously (PI. XI, Fig. 2 ). The left branch dichotomizes again almost 
immediately, giving the appearance of three equal branches. Slightly 
further up, these three all dichotomize freely, forming a bushy mass of small 
branches, so that further development in this region merely leads to further 
branches being disclosed below on successive layers of shale. 
The upper portions of the branch show the typical Bothrodendron 
minutifolium foliage (PI. XI, Fig. 3 ). Lower down, this foliage has fallen 
off, leaving the spirally arranged oval scars plainly visible. These scars 
have the three punctations representing the vascular bundle and the 
parichnos, and above each is seen the impression of the ligular pit. 
They are separated from each other by about half an inch, and the 
area between is marked by transverse furrows. As was mentioned by 
Zeiller (15), when more highly magnified the ridges between the furrows 
are seen to be covered by a number of raised circular structures, with 
a depression in the centre of each. It is not quite clear what these repre¬ 
sent, but they are possibly in the nature of stomata. 
But it is the base of the specimen which renders it so valuable (PI. XI, 
Fig. 2 ). The base of the stem on development was found gradually to 
broaden out into a trumpet-shaped body, and then to end quite suddenly 
and cleanly in a convex edge, which corresponds in size with the diameter of 
an ordinary ulodendroid scar. This convex edge was not due to accident in 
fossilization, but was really the true ending of the branch. The rest of 
