442 Woodburn.—Spermatogenesis in 
karyokinesis. These polar plates are frequently observed to consist of 
individual granules, the kinetosomes. These plates of kinetosomes seem to 
actively function in spindle formation. When the cell-wall is formed only 
one plate is left in each cell. This plate divides and the two daughter- 
plates take up positions respectively at the poles of the succeeding spindle. 
In the androcyte mother-cell, however, instead of a plate only one granule 
appears at the spindle pole. As the groups of kinetosomes in the earlier 
generations divide into two daughter-plates preceding spindle formation, so 
this single polar body divides into two daughter-bodies which occupy 
respectively the poles of the last androgonial division. Allen is convinced 
that each of these two polar or central bodies persists in its respective cell, 
or androcyte, and there functions as the blepharoplast. No observations 
were made which would settle definitely the origin of the central body 
in the androcyte mother-cell. 
For convenience, part of the terminology suggested by Allen will 
be used in this paper. The word ‘ sperm however, is used instead of 
antherozoid. Allen designates the cell which is to be transformed into the 
sperm as an ‘androcyte’, the cell generation just preceding the androcyte 
as composed of ‘ androcyte mother-cells and any spermatogenous cell 
of a still earlier stage as an ‘ androgone ’. 
Walker ( 5 ) finds that in the earlier divisions of the spermatogenous 
tissue of Polytrichum formosum the spindle poles are blunt, while in the last 
division fibres radiate from a centrosome-like body. These bodies were 
first observed on opposite sides of the nucleus. Walker is convinced that 
these centrosome-like bodies persist in the androcytes and function as 
the blepharoplasts. During the transformation of the androcyte, chromatin 
masses are extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. These masses 
of chromatin probably correspond to the ‘ chromatoiden Nebenkorper’ 
described by Ikeno ( 3 ) for Marchantia and the ‘limosphere’ reported by 
Wilson (6) in Mnium hornum and Atrichum undulatum . As the sperm 
develops, an arched band, probably similar to the ‘ cytoplasmatischer 
Fortsatz ’ of Ikeno, connects the blepharoplast with the nucleus. The 
development of this band may be at the expense of the extruded chromatin 
bodies. This connecting band may later be absorbed by the nucleus. 
Black ( 2 ) finds the blepharoplast in Riccia Frostii appearing first 
in one angle of the androcyte as a sharply differentiated part of the 
cytoplasm. A small granule may sometimes be observed occupying each 
pole of the last division spindle, but no evidence was obtained to show that 
these polar bodies or granules persisted to function as the blepharoplast. 
The latter develops along the periphery of the androcyte as a homogeneous 
appearing cord. Neither the ‘ cytoplasmatischer Fortsatz ’ nor the ‘ limo¬ 
sphere ’ and ‘ chromatoiden Nebenkorper 5 referred to above were observed 
by Black. As the cord-like blepharoplast elongates the nucleus assumes a 
