488 Brier ley .— The ‘ Endo coni diet * of Thielavia basicola , Zopf. 
of an active free cell formation occurring within an open tapering mother¬ 
cell or conidiophore. 1 
The process of conidial formation and liberation is diagrammatically 
represented in the Text-figure. 
The Transverse Wall in Conidial Formation. 
Exact knowledge concerning the process of cell-division in Fungi 
is curiously limited, and the few studies which have been made yield 
discrepant results. 
In the beak cells of Basidiobolus ranarum , Fairchild 2 has described 
the formation of a true cell-plate during the anaphases of division ; whilst 
Raciborski 3 and Woycicki, 4 and more recently Olive, 5 maintain that the 
new wall grows in from the periphery as a constricting diaphragm, after the 
reconstitution of the nuclei. Olive 6 has also described a like process in 
Empusa aphidis and E. sciarae. The gametes of Sporodinia and the 
conidia of Erysiphe are cut off in a similar manner, except that according 
to Harper 7 the apparent ingrowth here is simply a deep narrow furrow and 
not the growth inward of a ring of cell-wall substance. The wall in this case 
is deposited later between the two plasma membranes. 
On the other hand, Baum 8 has described the laying down of a cell- 
plate during mitosis in Coprinus ephemeroides and C\ lagopus ; and this 
method has been confirmed by Maire 9 for C. radiatus . 
1 Under exceptional circumstances the conidiophores which normally produce thin-walled 
‘ endoconidia ’ may give rise to chlamydospores. This first happened whilst repeating Peglion’s 
experiments (loc. cit.) in a vain endeavour to obtain the ascigerous stage. Later it could be produced 
(though not with any constancy) by strikingly altering the conditions of the fungus, as for example 
from a state of desiccation to one of moisture and considerable warmth; or by treating the fungus 
with very dilute chemical solutions or mineral acids. Under such conditions of development the 
conidiophore usually grows right out through the sheath, and then behaves as a hypha of limited 
growth, forming chlamydospores in the normal way (see note on p. 8). The latter never resulted 
from the transformation of already formed hyaline conidia (compare Thielaviopsis paradoxa and 
Spkaeronema adiposum). Very often the formations were abnormal, the spores being thick-walled 
but irregular in shape. Not infrequently the conidiophores which had given rise to these thick- 
walled spores could be induced to return to their normal function by making the conditions 
natural again. 
2 Fairchild, D. G.: Ueber Kerntheilung und Befruchtung bei Basidiobolus ranarum , Eidam. 
Jahr. wiss. Bot. xxx 1897. 
3 Raciborski, M. : a. Mykologische Studien, I. Karyokinese bei Basidiobolus ranarum, 
Eidam. Bull. Internat. de l’Acad. des Sci. de Cracovie, 1896. / 3 . Studya mykologiczne; Berichte 
der Akad. d. Wiss. zu Krakau, XIV. 2, 1899. 
4 Woycicki, Z. : Einige neue Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Basidiobolus ranarum , 
Eidam. Flora, 1893. 
6 Olive, E. W.: Cell and Nuclear Division in Basidiobolus. Ann. Mykol., vol. v, 1907. 
6 Olive, E. W. : a. Cytological Studies on the Entomophthoreae, I. The Morphology and 
Development of Empusa. ( 3 . Cytological Studies on the Entomophthoreae, II. Nuclear and Cell 
Division in Empusa. Bot. Gaz., vol. xli, 1906, I. 
7 Harper, R. A. : Cell Division in Sporangia and Asci. Ann. of Bot., vol. xiii, 1899. 
8 Baum: fiber Zelltheilungen in Pilzhyphen. Inaug. Diss. d. Universitat Basel, 1900. 
9 Maire, R. : Rech. cytol. sur les Basidiomycetes. Bull. Soc. Myc. de France, 1902. 
