30 
THE FISHES OF MALABAR. 
Eyes—Situated close to profile, diameter f of length of head, f of a diameter apart, rather 
more than 1 diameter from end of snout. 
Maxilla extends to beneath the anterior third of orbit. Preopercle furrowed but entire. Sub- 
and interopercles entire. Opercle ending in a spine. Suprascapular furrowed. Preorbital entire, 
more than twice as long as high, with its lower margin nearly horizontal, and in large specimens 
considerably notched to receive the superior extremity of the maxilla. There is a slight protu¬ 
berance above the anterior superior angle of the orbit. Five facets exist on the inferior surface of 
the lower jaw. 
Teeth—Six sharp curved teeth in the front of both jaws, with numerous molars posterior to 
them, above in four or five series, below in three or four rows. 
Fins—Dorsal spines moderately strong, compressed, broader on one side, fourth spine the 
longest; interspinous membrane deeply notched. Ventral spine weak, equal to fourth dorsal, first ray 
prolonged, an elongated scale at the base of the fin. Second anal spine much the strongest, and 
above three times the length of the first, and one-seventh longer than the third. Pectoral pointed, 
extending’ on the body to opposite second anal spine, but if the fin is deflected it only reaches to 
commencement of anal. The distances between the terminations of the dorsal and anal fins to the 
commencement of the caudal are the same, and equal to the length of the base of the anal. 
Scales—Moderate extending as far as the orbits, and over the cheeks: on the body they 
pass in horizontal rows, and some cover the base of the caudal. 
Lateral line—In upper thficl of body, very slightly curved, and in single tubes. 
Colours—Silvery, with a greenish shade along the back. Each scale with its base darker 
than its margin. Abdomen, silvery with indistinct horizontal golden lines. Dorsal, caudal and 
anal, greyish tipped with black. 
Not common in Malabar; good eating, grows to ten inches in length. 
Habitat—Seas and estuaries of India, China and Japan. 
Chrysophrys calamara. 
Calamara, Eussell , pi. 92. 
Chrysophrys calamara, Guv. & Val. vi. p. 117; Cantor , Catal. p. 48; Gunther , 
Catal. i. p. 493. 
Aree, Mai. 
B. vi. D. 11. P. 15. V. 1. C. 17. L. 1. 45. L. tr. At- 
Length of head of pectoral yy, of caudal of base of dorsal ^, of base of anal of total 
length. Height of head j-, of body 3 , of hard dorsal y 3 , of soft dorsal of ventral j., of anal yb 
of total length. 
Eyes—Close to profile, diameter \ of length of head, 11 diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter 
apart. 
The profile rises very considerably from snout to base of dorsal, the mouth being opposite 
the central ray of pectoral, and in the lower fourth of the body. Upper jaw protrusible. The 
maxilla extends to beneath the anterior third of orbit. There is no enlargement, or else a 
very slight one, of the anterior margin of the orbit. Pre- sub- and interopercles entire : coracoid 
furrowed. Opercle with a small, but rather sharp spine. Preorbital entire, about twice as broad 
as high, its lower margin horizontal. 
Teeth—Six conical ones in the anterior portion of each jaw, with four rows of molars in 
the posterior portion of the lower, and five in the same part of the upper jaw. 
