92 
THE FISHES OF MALABAR. 
or semi-detached. Two spines in front of, but separated by an interspace from, the anal fin. Yentrals 
thoracic. Teeth villi form on jaws, vomer, and palatine bones. Scales small. Lateral line continuous, 
not heeled. Air bladder bifurcated posteriorly. Pyloric appendages numerous. 
Chorinemus lysan. 
Scomber lysan, Forsk ., pi. 54, no. 67. 
Chorinemus lysan, Cantor , Catal. p. 118 ; Gunther , Catal. ii. p. 471. 
Chorinemus lyzan, Cuv. & Val. viii. p. 387. 
Chorinemus Commersonianus, Cuv. & Val. viii. p. 370. 
? Chorinemus Farkharii, Cuv. & Val. viii. p. 388. 
Chorinemus aculeatus, Cuv. & Val. viii. p. 384. 
Aken parah, Russell , pi. 141. 
B. viii. D. 7 [ p. 19 . y. 1 a. 2 | T % Vert. f£. 
Length, of head -g, of pectoral jy, of caudal of base of first dorsal ^ 3 , of base of second 
dorsal 1.-, of base of anal j. of total length. Height of head jy, of body of first dorsal R’ 
of second dorsal of ventral y 0 -, of anal ] of total length. 
Eyes—Transversely oval with an adipose lid on each side, diameter | of length of head, \ of 
a diameter from end of snout, rather more than 1 diameter apart. 
Body elliptical, and compressed, jaws compressed and sharp. 
Mouth large, the lower jaw the longest. The maxilla extends to a distance, equalling 
one-third of the diameter of the orbit, behind its posterior margin; the intermaxillaries 
are rather convex in their first third, concave in the last half of their extent, and equal tw 
thirds the length of the head. Symphysis of lower jaw slightly tubercular. Preorbital narrow 
the width of its upper portion equal to that of the lower end of the maxilla. Preopercle long and 
narrow, its lower margin nearly horizontal and only one quarter the length of the posterior, which 
is rather oblique, making a gradual curve at the angle, its limbs forming an arc of a circle. 
Opercle with an obtuse point. Nostrils large, and close to the anterior superior angle of the orbit, 
with a very slight crest over them. Central and side crests of skull moderately prominent. 
Teeth—In two rows in both jaws, the external row in the lower directed upwards and outwards, 
and the internal one upwards and inwards : near the symphysis and close to the end of each row, 
there is a large canine like tooth, and also an additional row of smaller ones. The upper jaw 
has two rows and numerous villiforxn ones near its centre. Teeth on the vomer in a spot largest 
in front, and in the palate a long band which narrows posteriorly. 
Fins—Ventral commences slightly in advance of pectoral; first dorsal over posterior third of 
pectoral, second dorsal opposite anal, at an equal distance between the snout and base of caudal. 
Spines of first dorsal strong and pointed, flattened anteriorly, and sharp at the sides, whilst they 
can be received into a groove at them bases. No interspinous membrane. The horizontal spine 
before the first dorsal can scarcely be seen in the adult fish, being hidden by the integuments. The 
first soft ray of the second dorsal is the longest, the superior margins of the first seven are concave, 
and the last half of the rays are joined very slightly to each other, almost forming finlets, the last 
two rays are rather prolonged, and reach to the base of the caudal. The anal free spines are 
triangular, the second rather the longest. The anal fin opposite the second dorsal and of the same 
shape. Caudal deeply lobed, in its postei’ior three-fourths. Pectoral rather pointed. Ventral, 
first ray very strong, flattened towards its base, and connected to the body by two membranes ; 
