238 
THE FISHES OF MALABAR. 
After having been kept for three days a little more vinegar is added before placing the fishes in 
well closed jars or bottles. They should be kept four or five months before being used.”— Cantor, 
p. 305. “ Red rice is a variety of Oryza sativa called glutinosa steeped in an infusion of cochineal.” 
Habitat—Seas of India, Malaysia, China, Australia, New Zealand, and the Mauritius. Also 
through the North and South Atlantic oceans. 
2. Maxillae greatly elongated. 
Engraulis auratus, PI. xix. f. 2. 
Engraulis auratus, Day , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 312. 
B. x. D. yL. P. 12. V. 7. A. 34. C. 19. L. 1. 40. L. tr. 9. 
Length of head nearly of pectoral 1, of base of dorsal <y, of base of anal of caudal I of 
the total length. Height of head of body of dorsal of anal of the total length. 
Eyes—Oval, with their anterior and posterior thirds covered by adipose lids : diameter l- of 
length of head, J, a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. 
Profile scarcely ascends from the snout to the dorsal fin, or descends much from thence to the 
caudal, the abdominal surface is very much more convex. Sides compressed. 
Snout short ; gape of mouth extending to below the posterior margin of the orbit. Maxilla 
greatly elongated, reaching to opposite the last fourth of the pectoral, and equal to nearly a third 
of the total length of the fish. A raised crest extends from the snout along the whole central line 
of the head. Opercle narrow and octagonal, posterior margin having its central three-fifths 
straight, directed a little obliquely backwards, and forming an obtuse angle at its upper and lower 
fifths; superior and inferior margins straight but very short. Preopercle 'with its posterior margin 
nearly vertical. Branchiostegous opening very wide, extending nearly to the lower margin of the 
symphysis. 
Teeth—A series of fine villiform teeth in the lower jaw, also along the whole extent of the 
elongated maxilla : only a few in the external half of each intermaxillary, and a few also on the 
vomer. A long double line of fine teeth on the palatine bones, with a large oval toothed space on 
the pterygoids. 
Fins—Dorsal commences midway between the snout and the base of the caudal fin; anal 
midway between the anterior surface'of the chest and the commencement of caudal: pectoral 
arises below the posterior margin of the opercle, and reaches to the ventral. Dorsal triangular, 
with a small spine a short distance before its first ray. Pectoral falciform. Anal with the anterior 
portion the highest. Caudal lobed, lobes of equal length. 
Scales—About thirteen sharp compressed scales along abdominal margin of the body anterior 
to the commencement of the ventral fins, and seven between their termination and the origin of 
the anal. 
Colours—The upper surface of the body of a brilliant coppery tinge, closely dotted with black, 
’out becoming of a pure white on the sides. A large black spot on the shoulder. Dorsal with 
minute black dots, more especially at its upper margin, otherwise it is colourless, as are also the 
pectoral, anal, and ventral fins. Caudal light straw-coloured, with a darkish tip. Eyes tinged 
with brown superiorly, and yellow inferiorly. 
Common during the S.W. monsoon, and considered good eating. 
Habitat—Cochin on the Malabar Coast. 
