LIVERPOOL CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. 713 
In a small adjoining room, Dr. Carter presided at a spectroscope, where he produced 
the spectra of thallium, caesium, and other metals. 
In the Pharmaceutical Museum were models, drawings, and specimens illustrating 
the principal chemical manufactures of Liverpool and neighbourhood, including an ex¬ 
tensive set of drawings and plans, and numerous specimens of raw material and products, 
kindly lent by Messrs. Hutchinson and Co., of Widnes, to illustrate the alkali manufac- 
ture. Amongst these were some very tine specimens of caustic soda, bicarbonate of 
soda, soda crystals, and soda ash. Also, samples of sulphur recovered from soda waste, 
by the process of M. Mond. 
At eight o’clock, the President took the chair in the large Lecture Hall, and, after a 
few remarks, requested Mr. Keith to explain and illustrate Mr. Skaife’s invention called 
the “ Lucella,” for taking instantaneous photographs. This is done by means of a flash 
of light produced by burning powdered magnesium. After explaining the process, Mr. 
Keith prepared a plate, and took a portrait of the President, which in a short time was 
handed round in a finished state. 
Dr. Carter then gave an address on spectrum analysis, and on the application of that 
means of investigation to the discovery of the composition of the sun and stars. 
Dr. Carter and Mr. Sharp then illuminated some beautiful vacuum tubes with a power¬ 
ful induction coil, and set an electric drum in action, beaten by invisible agency. 
After these varied entertainments, the company adjourned to refreshment rooms, 
where a most liberal supply of creature comforts was provided. 
At half-past nine, the President again took the chair in the Lecture Hall, when Mr. 
E. Davies, F.C.S., delivered a lecture on “Hydrogenium.” The lecturer gave a short 
resume of the facts hitherto known with regard to hydrogen, and then brought forward 
Professor Graham’s recent researches on the alloy of hydrogenium with palladium. The 
lecture was illustrated with experiments. 
Dr. Nevins proposed a vote of thanks to the gentlemen who had provided the means 
of amusement and instruction during the evening, which was heartily responded to, and 
a most enjoyable meeting came to an end. About 400 persons were present. 
Thirteenth General Meeting, held April 29th, 1869 ; the President in the chair. 
The Secretary announced donations to the Library of the 4 Pharmaceutical Journal,’ 
the ‘ Chemist and Druggist,’ the ‘ Proceedings of the Liverpool Polytechnic Society,’ the 
‘New York Druggists’ Circular,’—for which the thanks of the meeting were voted. 
The Secretary read a paragraph in the circular calling the meeting, which stated 
that the question of labelling paregoric “poison ” would be brought before the meeting. 
Mr. Shaw said that he had made inquiries which led him to the belief that about one- 
half of the chemists in his neighbourhood labelled paregoric “ poison.” He thought that 
the want of uniformity in this matter was undesirable, and that it would be well if some 
plan could be suggested which would lead to a more satisfactory state of things. The 
answer of the Privy Council left the matter undecided, and he feared that the present 
want of system would go on until some fatal case occurred, and an inquest was held. 
Even it a common resolution was come to not to label it “poison,” he thought it would 
be better than the present uncertainty, as it would tend to exonerate any chemist who 
might be prosecuted, by showing that he followed a universal practice. 
Mr. Abraham said that, as Mr. Shaw did not propose a formal motion on the subject, 
he showed how difficult it would be to do anything which would be practically useful. 
He thought that the effect of the opinion of the Privy Council would be to protect a 
chemist who did not label paregoric “ poison;” but his own opinion was that chemists 
would do well rather to label substances of a poisonous nature not specified in the sche¬ 
dule, than to run any risk. Silverlock’s label for paregoric seemed to him to meet the 
requirements of the case. 
Mr. Shaw still thought that an unofficial recommendation of the Pharmaceutical 
Council would be useful, and suggested that it might be to advise the use of such a label 
as Mr. Abraham had mentioned. 
The President then called upon Mr. A. N. Tate, F.C.S., to read a paper on “The 
Treatment of the Refuse Products of Chemical and other Manufactories, with some 
remarks on the Recovery of Sulphur from Soda Waste.” 
“ In all, or nearly all, manufactures there are eliminated not only certain marketable 
tol. x. 3 c 
