128 
PROFESSOR W. RAMSAY AND DR. S. YOUNG 
9. Specific Gravities and Specific Volumes. 
In order to ascertain the specific gravity of alcohol, it was necessary to know the 
volumes at various temperatures, and the total weight of substance. As the weight 
was not the same throughout, losses having occurred through breakage, it was not 
possible to obtain the weight directly. It was, therefore, necessary to deduce the 
weight from the volume and the known specific gravity at low temperatures. 
The results given by different observers are, however, not uniform. We quote 
some of these ; in all cases comparison is made with water at 4° as unity. 
Sp. gr. 
Sp. vol. 
Pierre (‘Annalen,’ 56, p.142, and ‘ Annales,’ 15, p. 325) . 
0-81510 
1-2268 
Kopp (‘ Annalen,’ 64, p. 213). 
Mendelejeff (‘Annalen,’ 119, p. 7). 
0-80950 
1-2351 
0-80832 
1-2371 
Perkin (CEem. Soc. Journ., 45, p. 465). 
0-80696 
1-2392 
Mendelejeff (Roscoe and Schorlemmer, vol; iii., pt. 1, p. 299) . 
0-80625 
1-2403 
Squibb (Cliem. News, 51, p. 21). 
0-80573 
1-2411 
In calculating our results, the number l - 2403 was taken; it will be seen that the 
mean of the last three results, which are probably the best, is 1 '2402. The alcohol 
employed had been frequently distilled over lime, and was finally dried by distillation 
with a little sodium. It boiled with perfect constancy. 
10. During these experiments, an accident occurred, by which we lost the first 
portion of alcohol; the tube was therefore refilled. We shall name the first portion 
A, and the second B, in giving data. 
T. 
V. 
Wt. 
Mean. 
A. 
O 
16-5 
0-21557 
0-17082 
| 0-17083 
16-7 
0-21564 
0-17084 
B. 
15-0 
0-21954 
0-17420 
11. In the following table, the pressure under which the liquid was measured, was 
in general the vapour-pressure corresponding to the temperature. The asterisked 
figures are corrected to this standard from observation on the compressibility. 
