238 DR. C. A. MAC MUNN ON ENTEROCHLOROPHYLL, AND ALLIED PIGMENTS. 
Limnceus stagnahs. —The method pursued in this case, and in all the following, was 
the same, and differs from that described in my former paper, the “liver” or other 
enteric appendage answering to it being extracted for some hours with the solvent, 
the extraction being generally repeated if necessary; by the adoption of this method 
a greater quantity of colouring matter is got into solution. 
Rectified spirit extracts of the “ liver ” are greenish-yellow and show a red fluor¬ 
escence; the spectrum consists of five bands, which differ slightly in position from those 
of an absolute alcohol extract, the spectrum of which is shown in spectrum 5, Chart I. 
The bands read as follows :—1st, from X 678 to X 651'5 ; 2nd, X 618 to X 600 ; 3rd, X 547 
to X 537 ; 4th, (about) X 519 to X 503 ; and 5th, (about) X 492'5 to X 473'5. On adding 
nitric acid the colour became greener, and the bands assumed the position shown in 
Chart I., spectrum 6, their centres reading :— 1st, X 654 ; 2nd, X 602’5 ; 3rd, X 570’5 ; 
4th, X 536 ; and 5th, uncertain. If allowed to stand longer in contact with the acid 
the fluid assumed a bluish tint. 
Caustic soda seems to affect the position of the bands,* the colour of the solution 
remaining green, an alcohol solution so treated gave a spectrum whose bands read as 
follows :—1st band, X 683‘5 to X 657 ; 2nd, X 625 to X 602'5 ; 3rd, X 551 to X 538’5 ; 
4th, X 521'5 to X 498‘5 (?). No noticeable shifting of the bands took place with acetic 
acid. An aqueous extract of the “ liver ” also gives a cldorophyll-like spectrum. In 
some parts of the body of this mollusc there is evidence of the presence of haemo¬ 
globin, and in its black parts and elsewhere a lutein or lipochrome. As will be shown 
further on, the 4th and 5th bands of the enterochlorophyll spectrum belong to a similar 
pigment. I could find no enterohsematin in the “ liver ” of this species. 
Trochus ziziphinus. —The absolute alcohol extract of the “ liver ” is green, fluoresces 
red, and shows spectrum 7, Chart I., the band reading as follows :—1st band, X 672 to 
X 651’5 ; 2nd, (about) X 618 to X 593 ; 3rd, X 548'5 to X 535 ; 4th, uncertain. With 
nitric acid the colour became greener, and the usual series of bands appeared. 
Troclius cinerarius. —An absolute alcohol extract of the “liver’ is yellow, fluoresces 
red, and shows spectrum 8, Chart I. The bands reading as follows: — 1st, X 678 to 
X 657 (light shading up to 647) ; 2nd, X 620'5 to X 595 ; 3rd, X 545'5 to X 535 ; 4th and 
5th, from about X 519 to X 484’5 (?). It became greener with nitric acid, and showed 
the same band as in other cases. Caustic soda intensified the double band nearer 
vide' 1 
Littorina littorea. — Although I have described the “liver” pigments of this mollusc 
in my former paper, I have made some further experiments on them which are worth 
recording. An absolute alcohol extract of the “ liver ” is greenish-yellow, and gives a 
well-marked red fluorescence ; the fully developed spectrum is shown in spectrum 9, 
Chart I., the three principal bands of which read as follows:—1st, X 678 to X 654 ; 
2nd, X 623 to X 600 ; 3rd, X 548‘5 to X 537. On treating with caustic soda a turbidity 
* It also weakened the fluorescence. In the case of Mytilus and Ostrcea I did not notice any change 
with NaLIO. 
