DR. C. A. MAC MUNN ON ENTEROCHLOROPHYLL, AND ALLIED PIGMENTS. 239 
• was produced; on filtering, evaporating, and extracting the residue with petroleum 
ether # the solution was green and showed a red fluorescence ; and now a dark band 
was seen to replace the 4th and 5th bands of spectrum 9, which extended from X 496'5 
to X 477, another was perhaps also visible in the violet. On evaporating this solution 
down, and extracting with bisulphide of carbon, a deep yellow solution was obtained 
showing similar bands, the two nearer violet being plainly marked, the first much 
darker than the second, and reading X 524‘5 to X 503, and X 492 - 5 to X 473’5. 
The residue was also soluble in ether and in chloroform. Hence the enterochloro • 
phyll of Littorina thus treated is soluble in alcohol, ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, 
and bisulphide of carbon. It is soluble in the solvents of the “ lipochromes,” and of 
fat, and this agrees with the microscopic characters of enterochlorophyll, for it is often 
dissolved in oil globules, as will be shown further on. According to my own observa¬ 
tions! a lutein pigment is present in Littorina , and KrukenbergJ finds the same which 
he calls a lipochrome, and which I have no doubt is prepared in the “liver.” But there 
is another interesting point about Littorina: the pharyngeal muscle yields haemoglobin, 
and if the “ liver ” be examined in the compressorium with a substage condenser and 
Swan lamp a spectrum is seen which is shown in spectrum ] 0, Chart I. ; now, these 
bands recall to mind hsemochromogen, or what I have called enterohaematin. An 
aqueous solution of the “liver” treated with ammonium sulphide shows these bands 
intensified, so that they are at least closely related to haematin ; moreover, in other 
parts of the body of this species, histohaematins are found, hence it is highly probable 
that in the “ liver” the radical of these pigments is prepared just as the lipochrome 
radical is also prepared in it. That this haematin pigment is related to enterochloro¬ 
phyll is very probable. 
Patella vulgata. —Absolute alcohol extracts of the “ liver ” are yellowish-green and 
fluoresce red. The spectrum of an alcohol solution is shown in spectrum 11, Chart L, 
the bands reading :—1st, X 678 to X 654 ; 2nd, X 620‘5 to X 598 ; 3rd, X 547 to X 536. 
The double band extended from X 521 - 5 to X 475 (?). On adding nitric acid the usual 
series of bands appeared, reading :—1st, X 669 to X 649 ; 2nd, X 613 to X 595 ; 
3rd, X 580'5 to X 569, and 4th, X 545‘5 to X 537 (1). Acetic acid did not appear to 
affect the colour or spectrum much. Caustic potash acted as in most other cases, i.e., 
intensifying the bands nearer violet. Sulphuric acid produced the same effect as 
nitric ; so also did hydrochloric. But, besides enterochlorophyll, Patella often shows 
the presence of enterohaematin in its “ bile.” On removing the animal from its shell, 
the blackish membrane covering the visceral mass is seen to be more prominent pos¬ 
teriorly to the right tentacle ; if this part be punctured, a brownish viscid fluid exudes, 
* This shows that this enterochlorophyll is changed by canstic soda, and also that its yellow constituent 
is changed by it. 
f Proc. Birm. Phil. Soc., vol. 3 (1883). 
£ “ Grundziige einer vergleichenden Pliysiologie der Farbstoffe und der Farben,” 1884. 
