DR. C. A. MAC MUNN ON ENTEROCHLOROPHYLL, AND ALLIED PIGMENTS. 259 
yellow and green constituents do. In none could I find a trace of starch or cellalose. 
Here also the enteroclilorophyll occurs in granules. In hibernating snails there are 
an immense number of coloured oil globules in the “ liver,” as well as granular pigment. 
In Limax there are large green cells stained uniformly (of a pale-green colour), these 
cells measure from 17 g to 13 g, down to 10 g, some being larger and some smaller, 
which are probably the “ liver ” cells. There are not so many coloured oil globules, 
hut abundance of pigment in minute granules. The latter can be seen enclosed in 
the cells (secreting epithelium) lining the cell spaces. 
In none of the cells could starch or cellulose be detected, nor were any unicellular 
algae present. 
On the whole, then, it would appear that enteroclilorophyll occurs dissolved in oil 
globules, also in the granular form, and sometimes dissolved in the protoplasm of the 
secreting cells of the “liver.” In no case can unicellular algce be found. 
Remarks. 
This investigation, although not as complete as I had hoped to make it, yet, I 
believe, decides the question as to the animal origin of enterochlorophyll, and also 
shows that in Spongilla a true animal chlorophyll is built up. 
What I call chlorophyll in this paper is the mixture of colouring matters which can 
be extracted from the green leaves of land plants by means of alcohol, or alcohol and 
ether, and the spectrum consists of the six bands described, whose wavedengths are 
given above. These bands, except one, are the bands seen in a living leaf, concerning 
which Sachs* remarks, after adducing the evidence of Gerland and Rauwenhoff,! 
“It is not easy to understand how certain physicists can maintain the contrary.” 
Vogel is however cited by Dragendorff|- in support of the statement § that “in 
examining a fresh leaf only the most marked line between B and C is seen.” But 
his statement is sufficiently refuted by the drawings of the spectra which accompany 
this paper, compare, e.g., spectrum 1, Chart I., with spectra 1, 2, 7, 8, of Chart II. 
The colouring .matters present in an alcohol solution are (in those cases where I have 
examined such a solution), at least two, a green and a yellow. The former giving 
four bands, the latter generally two. No doubt can exist as to the truth of this 
statement in the mind of any one who carefully studies the literature || of chlorophyll 
and then makes the experiments recorded in this paper. 
* ‘ Botany,’ 2nd Eng. ed., p. 758. 
f ‘Archives neerlandaises,’ vol. 6 (1871), p. 604; also ‘ Poggendorff’s Annalen,’ band 143 (1871), 
p. 585. 
f ‘ Plant Analysis,’ Eng. ed., 1884, p. 19. 
§ ‘ Berichte der deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft,’ band 11 (1878), pp. 623 and 1367. 
|| See also Askenasy, Bot. Zeit., 1867, p. 225; Kromayer und Ludwig, Archiv d. Pharm., band 156 
(1861), p. 164; Ae, do., band 192 (1870), p. 163; Wiesner, Chem. Centralblatt, 1874, p. 353; Filhol, 
‘ Comptes Rendus,’ tome 61 (1865), p. 371; Hartren, Annalen der Phys., band 146 (1872), p. 158; 
Sachsse, Chem. Centralblatt, 1878, p. 121, also ‘ Die Chemie end Physiolologie der Farbstoffe,’Ac., 1877. 
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