264 dr. c. a. mac munn on enterochlorophyll, and allied pigments. 
Sp. 5. The second ether-alcohol extract of the soap from Primula ; compare with 
spectrum ]. All the bands are displaced. 
Sp. 6. Alcohol solution of the same “chlorophyll green ” (after saponifying) with nitric 
acid ; early stage of reaction. 
Sp. 7. Absolute alcohol solution of chlorophyll of common grass. 
Sp. 8. The same, thin layer of liquid. These bands really agree with those of 
spectrum 2 ; (see measurements). 
Sp. 9. Action of caustic soda in the cold on an alcohol solution. 
Sp. 10. Petroleum-ether extract of the soap from this chlorophyll, showing a three- 
banded “chlorophyll yellow” spectrum ( = xanthophyll). 
Sp. 11. Second alcohol-ether extract of the same soap, showing changed position of 
the bands of “chlorophyll green.” (Cf spectrum 7.) 
Sp. 12. Shallow depth of same solution. Note the band between F and G, 
Sp. 13. Alcohol solution of the saponified “ chlorophyll green,” obtained as described 
in the paper. 
Sp. 14. Ether-alcohol extract of saponified chlorophyll from common grass in another 
experiment. 
Sp. 15. Alcohol-ether extract of chlorophyll of Spongilla before saponifying. 
Sp. 16. The action of caustic soda in the cold on an alcohol solution of the same. 
Sp. 17. Petroleum-ether extract of the same after saponifying. 
Sp. 18. Ether extract of the same soap, showing complete change in the spectrum 
caused by saponifying. 
CHART III. 
Sp. 1. An absolute alcohol solution obtained from the “livers” of 20 specimens of 
Ostrcea edulis. 
Sp. 2. The same thinner layer showing only one band in the violet half of the 
spectrum. 
Sp. 3. The above solution after concentration by evaporating was saponified, and the 
petroleum-ether extract of the soap gave this spectrum, showing that the 
constituents, both that corresponding to the “chlorophyll green” in other 
cases and that corresponding to the “ chlorophyll yellow,” are taken up by 
this solvent. 
Sp. 4. The spectrum of a thinner layer of the same. 
Sp. 5. Ether-alcohol extract of the same soap evaporated, and the residue dissolved 
in alcohol. 
Sp. 6. The mother liquid (soap-lees) after extraction with these solvents, showing how 
the original spectrum has become completely changed. 
Sp, 7 , Alcohol-ether extract obtained from the saponified enterochlorophyll of Ur as ter 
rubens. All the bands, except that in red, have disappeared, and even this 
is only visible in deep layers. 
