696 
PROFESSOR T. J. PARKER OK THE 
3. The mandibular artery. 
This (Plate 34, figs. 1 and 2, and Plate 35, figs. 6 and 10, Mandib. A.) is a consider¬ 
able vessel springing from the ventral end of the first afferent branchial artery. It 
passes at first forwards, then outwards, upwards, and slightly backwards along the 
outer face of the hyoid arch, and just within the ventral border of the mandible. 
Close to its origin it sends off several small vessels (fig. 2, Cor. mand.) to the coraco- 
mandibularis muscle, and then a large branch, the sub-mental artery (S. ment. A.), 
which goes along the inner face of the mandible to the symphysis, also supplying the 
M. coraco-mandibularis. Distad of the origin of this latter vessel the mandibular artery 
gives off small branches at the angle of the mouth [Add. mand.) to the M. adductor 
mandibulse, and nutrient arteries to the hyoidean hemibranch (Nit. hy. A.), and finally 
breaks up into a number of small twigs, which pass, for the most part, external to the 
pseudobranchial artery and supply the anterior part of the M. constrictor super- 
ficialis.* 
B. Arteries arising from the dorsal aorta. 
4. The sidjelavian artery. 
Arteria subclavia, Hyrtl (11). 
Artere claviculaire, Milne Edwards (14). 
The subclavian arteries (Plate 34, figs. 1 and 2, and Plate 35, fig. 6, Subcl. A.) are 
comparatively small vessels, arising one on each side from the dorsal aorta immediately 
cephalad of the junction with it of the fourth pair of epibranchial arteries. Each sub¬ 
clavian passes outwards with a slight backward inclination, and, at about the junction 
of the cardinal with the precaval sinus ( vide infra, pp. 728 and 729, figs. 1 and 2, Card. 
S., Pr. car. S.) turns forwards and downwards, and divides into two arteries, the 
brachial and the hypobranchial. 
The origin of the subclavians from the dorsal aorta is worthy of notice, since in the 
higher Vertebrata the corresponding vessels always arise from an aortic arch. 
The brachial artery 
( Brach. A.) passes at first slightly forwards and downwards, then outwards through a 
foramen in the shoulder girdle, situated at about the level of the mesopterygium, to 
the pectoral fin, which it supplies. 
* Iu the nomenclature of the muscles I follow Vetter, “ Untersuchungen zur verg'leichenden Anatomic 
der Kiemen- und Kiefermusculatur der Fische,” ‘ Jenaische Zcitschrift,’ vol. 8, 1874, p. 405, 
