3G8 
ANALYSIS OF CIIINCHONA BALK AND LEAVES. 
No. 7. C. micrantha, bark from upper part of plant of eighteen months’growth injured 
by the rains. 
8. C. micrantha, bark from branches broken by the wind. 
9. C. Pahudiana, grown in open ground. 
10. Green leaves of Red Bark dried in the shade. 
11. Green leaves of Chinchona officinalis dried in the shade. 
12. Green leaves of C. micrantha dried in the shade. 
13. Specimen of wood of C. succirubra, showing the injury done by the continued 
rains. 
(Signed) W. G. MTvor, 
Superintendent. 
REPORT ON THE ABOVE BARK AND LEAVES SENT HOME IN OCTOBER, 
1863, FOR EXAMINATION, BY J. E. HOWARD, ESQ. 
From J. E. Howard, Esq., to the Under-Secretary of State for India, December, 1863. 
Sir,—The box of specimens reached me in good condition, and has furnished valuable 
materials for further research, although the quantity of bark sent this time amounted to 
but a few ounces in weight. Several pounds weight of leaves (well-dried and with a 
marked tea-like fragrance) have allowed me the opportunity of following various lines 
of experiment, in order to ascertain their probable commercial value. I regret to be 
obliged to confirm the opinion I expressed in my last, that the leaves will not supply 
material for the extraction of Quinine , although the quantity of the first rough precipi¬ 
tate from an acid solution, having the appearance of a hydrated alkaloid, is considerably 
more than I succeeded in obtaining before, being equal to 1*31 per cent, of the weight 
of the leaves. Of this, a small portion was soluble in ether, to the extent of 0T7 per 
cent., forming a clear yellow solution, which precipitates on the addition of a solution of 
oxalic acid in spirit of wine. Nevertheless, the further prosecution of the inquiry, and 
the attempt to purify the alkaloid, showed me clearly that I had to do with a state of 
things very different from that which exists in the bark, and that I should not succeed 
in obtaining an available salt of Quinine. I hope to be able to prosecute this research 
on a still larger quantity of the material, in order to test the conclusions to which my 
present investigation tends. The alkaloid exists in the leaves in very intimate relation¬ 
ship with the green colouring-matter. This latter substance is well deserving of a more 
elaborate investigation, as it seems to be somewhat analogous to indigo, and its ethereal 
solution has a peculiar effect on the rays of light; the reflected ray having almost a blood- 
red colour, whilst the transmitted ray is a fine green. 
I will now notice the remaining specimens. Nos. 1 and 2, though presenting a pro¬ 
mising appearance, were in too small quantity to justify examination. No. 3, “ Red 
Bark from branches of eighteen months and under,” yielded me not less than 6 per 
cent, of rough alkaloid, but of this a larger proportion seemed to be Quinidine and 
Chinchonidine; but as I had little more than an ounce of bark to examine, I cannot con¬ 
sider this comparative result as an ascertained fact. As these barks were cut at the 
period when the sap is in full flow, it is not at all improbable that the alkaloids may 
vary somewhat from those produced at a different season. The above 6 per cent, of alka¬ 
loid yielded in a state of further purification 4T0 percent, of Quinidine, Chinchonidine, 
and Quinine, and also a portion, 09 per cent., insoluble in ether ; in all, 5 per cent. 
The portion insoluble in ether, and not capable of being crystallized from spirit, I set 
down as Chinchonicine, and not pure Chinchonine, of which last I find but few indica¬ 
tions in these young barks. The Quinidine crystallizes as hydriodate, and the Chinchoni¬ 
dine as a resinous mass, when united with hydriodic acid. Both form a feathery crystal¬ 
lization as sulphates.<■ 
No. 5, “ Red Bark from small branches broken by the wind,” gave a result very nearly 
resembling the analysis of the leaves. This is not surprising, considering the very im¬ 
mature state of these succulent branches. I obtained 1 per cent, of alkaloid soluble in 
ether, which gave a doubtful trace of crystallization as sulphate. A further portion of 
impure alkaloid insoluble in ether resembled the same substance as described under No. 3. 
The No. 8, Ch. micrantha bark, from small branches broken by the wind, gave, on 
examination, more chincho-tannic acid than No. 5. The precipitated alkaloids appeared 
to be, as above, 1 per cent., but of this (M-OJper cent, proved to be oxidized tannin, and 
