ON THE CINCHONA EARN OF BRITISH INDIA. 
595 
knowing from Mr. Junghuhn’s report of the month of December, 1856, that 
the loss of cuttings in Java had amounted to ten per cent. 
Having left Ceylon on the 7th of November (1863), I arrived on the 14tli 
of that month at Ootacamund, situated at 7416 feet above the level of the 
sea. During a stay of sixteen days under the hospitable roof of Mr. MTvor, 
I had the fullest opportunity to convince myself of the excellent state of the 
Cinchona plants under his care, and of his skilful system of propagation, 
which has enabled him to increase the number of plants from 1128 on the 
30th of April, 1861, to 248,166 on the 31st of October, 1863. One of the 
most striking proofs of the success of his system of propagation is the fact, 
that the single plant of Cinchona Uritusinga presented to the Government by 
Mr. J. E. Howard, which was received by Mr. M‘Ivor on the 18th April, 
1862, had been increased by buds, cuttings, and layers during the following- 
eighteen months to 4733 plants. As my former colleague, Mr. Jungliuhn, 
however, in his pamphlet published at Batavia in February, 1863, and trans¬ 
lated from the Dutch by Mr. Clements B. Markham, takes an unfavourable 
view of the future prospects of Mr. MTvor’s plants raised by cuttings, buds, 
and layers, I examined with particular attention the roots of these plants, and 
found them, as it appeared to me, to be in the most satisfactory condition, so 
that I was compelled to conclude that the objections of Mr. Junghuhn are 
without foundation. Having requested Mr. M‘Ivor to present me with some 
rooted cuttings and buds, so that I should be able to show them, partly in a 
dried state, partly preserved in spirit, to the Minister for the Colonies in Hol¬ 
land, he kindly acceded to my wishes, and I can now give him the satisfaction 
of knowing that his rooted cuttings and buds have been admired by every 
one who has seen them. I must, however, candidly admit that there is some 
truth in the statement of Mr. Junghuhn respecting the unsatisfactory rooting 
of plants obtained from cuttings ; but it applies only in the case of cuttings 
which are too large, such as I have seen in Java. If the cuttings however are 
made as small as possible, in accordance with Mr. M^Ivor’s practice, the plants 
obtained have not in the least degree the defect which has been pointed 
out by Mr. Junghuhn, and can bear comparison with the best seedlings. 
In reference to the system of planting the Cinchona in an open situation 
without the least shade, I inspected very carefully the Neddiwattum planta¬ 
tions, where this system has been most fully carried out. Although the large 
leaves of C. succirubra had suffered a little from a recent storm, all the plants 
in the plantation looked very healthy and vigorous, many of them having al¬ 
ready attained a height of seven to eight feet. As a hint to the cultivators 
of Cinchona in Java, I may point out the fact that the experience of Mr. 
M‘Ivor has taught him that if he were compelled to choose an excess of dry¬ 
ness or moisture for a Cinchona plantation lie would prefer the former. 
Having been fully satisfied by all I had seen, I postponed my conclusion 
till I should have obtained the results of a chemical analysis of the bark, and 
left Ootacamund carrying with me a great many samples for chemical inves¬ 
tigation. The samples thus obtained were the following :— 
From HaTcgalle in Ceylon, 5200 feet above the sea. 
1st. C. succirubra. A dead tree five feet high, the circumference of the 
stem at the base being two and three-quarter inches. The roots were very 
sickly, and produced only 2‘37 grammes of bark. 
From Feraclenia in Ceylon, 1600 feet above the sea. 
2nd. C. succirubra. Leaves of healthy plants. 
From Neddiwattum in the Neilgherries, 6200 feet above the sea. 
3rd. C. succirubra. A healthy tree fourteen and a half months old, grown 
