596 
PHARMACEUTICAL MEETING. 
from a layer. The height was six feet, with a circumference of four and a 
quarter inches at the base. 
4th. C. succirubra. Leaves of healthy trees. 
5th. C. succirubra. Bracts of healthy trees. 
6th. C. succirubra. Juice collected in making cuttings and buds from 
healthy trees and dried in the sun. 
7th. C. succirubra. Bark of a stem eighteen months old thickened by 
moss. 
8th. C. Calisaya. A sickly plant eleven months old. The height was two 
feet ten inches, with a circumference of two and a quarter inches at the 
base. The sickly root weighed when dried only 6T0 grammes, of which 3'25 
grammes consisted of bark. 
9th. C. Calisaya. A healthy plant eleven months old, cut off at the base 
of the stem. The stem produced 8'7 grammes of dry bark. 
10th. C. pah udiana. A healthy tree eleven months old. The height was 
three feet, with a circumference of three and a half inches at the base. The 
stem produced 11T grammes of dry bark. The comparison of this quantity 
with the quantity of bark from Calisaya of the same age (sub No. 9) proves 
that the bark of C. paltudiana has not such an excessive thinness as is al¬ 
leged b} r some authors. 
11th. C. pahudiana. Leaves of healthy trees. 
12th. C. micrantha. A healthy tree fourteen and a half months old, grown 
at an elevation above the sea of 5200 feet. The height was six feet three 
inches, with a circumference of three and one-eighth inches at the base. 
13th. C. micrantlia. Leaves of healthy trees. 
The results of the chemical investigation of these materials are contained 
in the annexed Table, which requires the following explanations. The quan¬ 
tity of quinine has been determined by shaking the solution of the alkaloids 
in dilute acetic acid with caustic soda and ether, and evaporating the ethereal 
solution. The quantity of quinine thus obtained is however too great, for 
cinchonidine, quinidine, and even cinchonine are not insoluble in ether. 
There is besides another circumstance which increases the apparent quantity 
of quinine, and this is the existence of an alkaloid which fuses much below 
212 J Fakr., and is very soluble in ether. My distinguished friend Mr. J. E. 
Howard was the first who in 1856 pointed my attention to this alkaloid, but 
neither of us was happy enough to obtain it quite pure. Since that time I 
have met with it especially in young Cinchona barks, and have now some 
hope that I shall be able to get it in larger quantities, for I suppose that it 
must be contained in a great many samples of the quinoidine of trade. 
Under the head “ Analytical Data” 1 have mentioned, where such determi¬ 
nation was possible, the amount of alkaloids soluble in ether ; and when this 
soluble part gave the reactions of quinine, I have so stated it in the column 
for quinine. As regards specimen No. 12, that portion of alkaloid soluble 
in ether which was obtained from th£ stem-bark of C. micrantha , contains 
not a trace of quinine, but only the still unknown fusible alkaloid, on which 
account I have entered nothing in the column for quinine, but contented my¬ 
self with mentioning the amount soluble in ether. 
When there was no possibility for quantitative separation of the matters 
soluble and insoluble in ether, but certainty of the presence of quinine, I 
have signified in the column for quinine the unknown quantity by a-, and the 
matter insoluble • in ether by y. Therefore x and y indicate the unknown 
quantity of a substance which has been proved to be present. 
The quinovic acid has been obtained by precipitating it by dilute hydro¬ 
chloric acid from its compound with lime. After drying the precipitate it 
has been dissolved in alcohol, and the amount of quinovic acid has been de- 
