120 
CINCHONA CULTIVATION IN INDIA. 
in the town and neighbourhood of Birmingham (many of which will be thrown 
open to visitors on this occasion), will doubtless ensure a pleasant and profitable 
gathering. 
The Local Secretary of the Conference will be happy to assist intending visi¬ 
tors in securing private and hotel apartments. The lists of apartments prepared 
for the use of members of the British Association, will be available for members 
of the Conference. 
William Southall, Jun., 
17, Bull Street , Birmingham. Honorary Secretary. 
CINCHONA CULTIVATION IN INDIA. 
From a report by Dr. Anderson, superintendent of Cinchona cultivation in Bengal we 
learn that upon the 1 st of April, 1865, there were in the Government plantation at Dar¬ 
jeeling (Himalaya), plants of the following species:— 
Cinchona succirubra . 7030 
Calisaya . 37 
— micrantha .1291 
— officinalis , including varieties. 23929 
— pahudiana . 5092 
37,382 
Of this number, 1186 are in the permanent plantation, while 14,162 are stock-plants 
for propagation. 
ABSTRACT OF A REPORT ON THE PITAYO CINCHONAS. 
BY MR. ROBERT CROSS. 
Mr. Clements R. Markham having been impressed with the importance of procuring 
seeds of the species of Cinchona which grow at and near Pitayo, New Granada, obtained 
the sanction of the Secretary for India to employ Mr. Cross in the service. Mr. Cross 
remarks that most persons who have written on the Cinchona of the Andes represent it 
as flourishing amidst perpetual torrents of rain and mist, and scarcely ever enjoying a 
moment of sunshine. lie states that this is a mistake. No Cinchona could live in such 
a climate, nor, even if planted in similar situations, could the trees ripen their seeds, for 
a certain amount of dry weather and sunshine is necessary for the ripening of the cap¬ 
sules, and for their bursting in order that the seeds may fall to the earth. The Cinchona 
climate is certainly moist for about six or eight months of the year, and in cultivating 
this plant it is expedient to seek very humid situations, because the mountains of India 
do not appear to receive the same amount of moisture as the lofty elevations in America. 
Nevertheless it will be understood that the natural climate of the commercial Cinchona 
has been misrepresented by most South American travellers. The Pitayo Cinchona 
differs essentially from the C. lancifolia of Karsten in being a more slender tree, often 
found formerly from 60 to 70 feet in height, but rarely more than 18 inches or 2 feet 
in diameter, with very slender branches, bearing small lanceolate leaves, which before 
falling always assume a purple or deep red colour. The C. lancifolia to which Karsten 
refers extends over a wider tract of country than any other Cinchona on the Andes. 
4 his tree, however, is much more massive, and bears considerably larger leaves than 
those of the Pitayo Cinchona. This large-leaved Cinchona inhabits the western slopes, 
of the Cordillera Orientale, in situations presenting conditions favourable for its develop¬ 
ment, between Pasto and the city of Santa Fe de Bogota; while the finer kinds of 
Pitayo bark are limited to a few square miles of steep forest-covered slopes to the north¬ 
ward of the volcano Purace, which belongs properly to the central Cordillera. The 
map of the Cinchona region of New Granada lately made for Dr. Weddell is very in- 
