288 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW-YORK. 
155. 2. ORTHIS TESTUDINARIA. 
Pl. LXXIX. Figs. 4 a, b, c, d, e. 
Reference pag. 117, pi. 32, of this volume. 
In the shales of this group, this species is rarely preserved with the shell entire; casts 
of the interior, or impressions of the exterior of one or both valves, being the usual form 
in which it is found. In some situations, it is almost equally as abundant as in the Trenton 
limestone, and often attains a larger size than in that rock. 
Figs. 4 a, b. Casts of the interior of the dorsal valve. 
Fig. 4 c. Cast of the interior of the ventral valve. 
Fig. 4 d. A similar cast, more strongly impressed by the striee. 
Fig. 4 e. A fragment of the impression of the outer side of the ventral valve, showing the fine concentric 
striae, which crenulate the diverging strire. 
These forms are the common ones in the shales and shaly sandstones of this group. It 
is rarely that we find casts in the Trenton limestone, and almost equally rare to find the 
shell preserved in this group. In this condition, it presents some slight differences from the 
same shell in the limestone below; but it is by no means a distinct species, as has been 
represented. 
Position and locality. This species rarely, or never, appears in the Utica slate, but re¬ 
appears near the middle of the Hudson-river shales, and continues nearly to their 
termination; being abundant at Turin, Loraine, Pulaski, and other places. It is more 
rarely found in the vicinity of the Hudson river, and in the Mohawk valley. 
(State Collection.) 
341. 19. ORTHIS I ERRATIC A (n.sp.). 
Pl. LXXIX. Figs. 5 a, b, c, d, e,f. 
Subhemispherical, orbicular ; dorsal valve very convex, with the mesial portion abruptly 
elevated, flat above; ventral valve convex at the sides, depressed in the middle, and 
considerably elevated in front; surface marked by fine simple uniform striae. 
This species is usually found in great numbers, in erratic masses of the sandstones of 
this formation, associated with Orthis testudinaria, Cyrtolites ornatus, and other fossils of 
the group. It has rarely been found in the rocks in place. It is distinguished from Orthis 
testudinaria , which it most resembles, by its more rotund form, and broader mesial 
elevation and depression; the striae are also more simple and straight, scarcely curving 
towards the cardinal margin. It is unknown in the Trenton limestone. 
Figs. 5 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of the cast of a large specimen. 
Fig. 5 c. Ventral view of a small specimen. 
Fig. 5 d. Front view of a larger specimen. 
Fig. 5 e. Cardinal view of a large specimen. 
Fig. 5/. Profile view of a moderately convex specimen. 
